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| Content Provider | OECD iLibrary |
|---|---|
| Organization | OECD |
| Abstract | Depuis plusieurs années, diverses études et manifestations ont souligné qu’il importait d’éliminer les obstacles au commerce des formes renouvelables d’énergie et des technologies intervenant dans leur exploitation, dans le cadre d’une stratégie plus générale de réduction de la dépendance à l’égard de sources d’énergie plus polluantes et moins sûres. Le présent chapitre traite des conséquences de la libéralisation des échanges dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables, en s’attachant plus particulièrement à plusieurs sources d’énergie et technologies représentatives : charbon de bois, systèmes solaires photovoltaïques et leurs compléments, aérogénérateurs et éoliennes, biodiesel, chauffe-eau solaires thermiques et systèmes géothermiques. L’élimination des droits de douane sur les énergies renouvelables et les biens associés — qui, ad valorem, sont de 15% ou plus dans de nombreux pays en développement — allègerait la charge qui pèse sur les consommateurs d’énergie, en particulier sur les populations des zones rurales des pays en développement, là où précisément nombre des technologies liées aux énergies renouvelables apportent, ou sont susceptibles d’apporter, leur plus importante contribution. L’essor du commerce des technologies des énergies renouvelables et de leurs composants profiterait aux fabricants des pays de l’OCDE, mais aussi à un nombre croissant d’entreprises des pays en développement. Dans le cas du biodiesel, ces derniers ont la capacité de devenir d’importants fournisseurs des pays de l’OCDE. L’élimination des droits de douane contribuerait aussi à instaurer des règles du jeu équitables entre les biens financés par l’aide, qui bénéficient souvent d’exemptions de droits, et les biens importés dans le cadre de transactions commerciales normales, qui en bénéficient rarement. Cependant, pour optimiser les avantages tirés de la libéralisation des échanges de technologies liées aux énergies renouvelables, il faudrait peut-être que les pays importateurs engagent de nouvelles réformes de leurs politiques intérieures, notamment de celles touchant au secteur de l’électricité en général et à l’électrification des zones rurales en particulier, à la détermination des prix des carburants et combustibles liquides, à la concurrence dans le secteur de l’électricité et à la protection de l’environnement. |
| Page Count | 71 |
| Starting Page | 81 |
| Ending Page | 145 |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | OECD Publishing |
| Publisher Date | 2007-01-29 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Energy Environment Industry and Services Trade |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Chapter |
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