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| Content Provider | OECD iLibrary |
|---|---|
| Organization | OECD |
| Abstract | L’activité économique s’est fortement ralentie depuis le début de 2000, le taux de croissance touchant un point bas au quatrième trimestre de 2001 avant de se redresser légèrement en 2002 (graphique 1). Le ralentissement de l’économie belge s’est dans une large mesure aligné sur celui de l’économie de la zone euro bien que, comme à l’ordinaire, le cycle belge précède légèrement le cycle européen (peut-être grâce à la spécialisation du pays dans les produits manufacturés intermédiaires) et soit de plus grande ampleur (grâce à l’ouverture relative de l’économie) (graphique 2). Le fléchissement de la conjoncture a principalement tenu à la dégradation du climat international des affaires, qui s’est traduite par une réduction de la demande d’exportations belges et une baisse de la rentabilité des entreprises. La demande intérieure a également été légèrement freinée par la perte de pouvoir d’achat due au renchérissement de l’énergie. La détérioration de la confiance des consommateurs a encore affaibli la croissance de la demande intérieure. La progression de l’emploi s’est ralentie avec le décalage habituel de deux à trois trimestres, et le chômage a commencé à monter au dernier trimestre de 2001, après être tombé à son taux le plus bas (6.6 pour cent en 2001) en dix ans. Le ralentissement de l’expansion a atténué les tensions auxquelles avaient été soumises les capacités de production pendant la phase de forte croissance. Selon les estimations de l’OCDE, l’écart de production est tombé de 1.7 pour cent du PIB potentiel en 2000 à moins 1.5 pour cent en 2002. Ce facteur, conjugué à l’appréciation de l’euro, à l’atténuation des effets du renchérissement des produits alimentaires et à la suppression de la redevance radio-télévision en Flandre et à Bruxelles, a contribué à une forte décrue de l’inflation qui s’établit aux alentours de 1½ pour cent pour 2002. |
| Page Count | 58 |
| Starting Page | 25 |
| Ending Page | 42 |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | OECD Publishing |
| Publisher Date | 2003-02-06 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Economics |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Chapter |
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