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| Content Provider | OECD iLibrary |
|---|---|
| Organization | OECD |
| Abstract | Évaluation de l’évolution des politiques ● Dans l’ensemble, l’orientation par le marché progresse, puisque le soutien aux producteurs et la protection aux frontières diminuent sensiblement depuis 1986-88 ; le niveau de soutien aux producteurs est désormais le troisième plus bas de la zone OCDE. Depuis 2002, néanmoins, ce recul est surtout imputable à la hausse des cours mondiaux des produits agricoles, plusieurs dispositifs d’aide étant liés aux variations des prix. ● Mais la loi agricole de 2008 ne va guère dans le sens de l’orientation par le marché. Le versement des aides au titre du nouveau programme de garantie du chiffre d’affaires des productions végétales (ACRE) peut être déclenché même quand les prix sont élevés, pourvu qu’ils soient instables. Son interaction avec l’ensemble actuel de programmes par produits complique davantage la prise de décision par les producteurs. ● Les incitations à l’augmentation de la production de carburants renouvelables devraient être centrées sur la recherche et le développement des technologies de la deuxième génération plutôt que sur les allégements fiscaux et les droits sur les importations qui isolent les producteurs intérieurs des signaux émanant des marchés mondiaux. Le soutien budgétaire prévu par la loi agricole de 2008 en faveur de la conservation reste nettement inférieur à celui accordé aux programmes de soutien de la production, ce qui risque d’aggraver les atteintes à l’environnement par le biais de l’accroissement de la production. ● La poursuite du système de contingents tarifaires et le relèvement prévu des prix planchers du sucre, qui sont les formes de soutien qui faussent le plus les mécanismes du marché, protégeraient encore davantage les producteurs intérieurs de la concurrence internationale. ● La réforme des programmes de garanties de crédit à l’exportation et l’élimination du programme d’encouragement à l’exportation sont des mesures judicieuses. ● La loi agricole de 2008, tout en conservant les programmes de soutien aux productions végétales inscrits dans la loi agricole de 2002, introduit des moyens supplémentaires de soutien aux produits – notamment des possibilités accrues d’aide au secteur des produits laitiers et du sucre – même quand les prix du marché sont plus élevés qu’auparavant. |
| Page Count | 13 |
| Starting Page | 227 |
| Ending Page | 239 |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | OECD Publishing |
| Publisher Date | 2009-09-28 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Agriculture and Food |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Chapter |
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