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| Content Provider | OECD iLibrary |
|---|---|
| Author | Greene, David L. |
| Organization | OECD |
| Abstract | Les voitures particulières sont l’une des principales sources d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre et elles utilisent des quantités considérables de pétrole, d’où l’importance de la consommation de carburant dans les politiques énergétiques. Le fonctionnement du marché de la consommation de carburant, selon qu’il est efficace ou non, aura une influence non négligeable sur le type de politiques énergétiques et environnementales concernant les véhicules à moteur, ainsi que sur leur intensité. Ce marché présente indubitablement des imperfections, mais leurs conséquences sont difficiles à quantifier. Le présent rapport examine les résultats d’études économétriques, principalement réalisées aux États-Unis, et montre que la situation varie énormément, ce qui témoigne à la fois d’une sousévaluation et d’une surévaluation importantes, en passant par tous les degrés possibles entre ces deux extrêmes. Les rares études de marché disponibles indiquent qu’en général, les consommateurs ne semblent pas suivre le modèle économique rationnel, lorsqu’ils comparent les performances des voitures neuves en termes de consommation de carburant. Récemment, quelques études ont souligné le rôle de l’incertitude et de l’aversion aux risques ou aux pertes dans la prise de décision des consommateurs. L’incertitude conjuguée à l’aversion aux pertes semble constituer un modèle théorique valable de l’évaluation de la consommation de carburant par les consommateurs, avec de profondes implications pour les décisions des constructeurs automobiles en matière de technologie et de conception. Cette théorie suggère que les marchés sous-estiment considérablement les économies de carburant par rapport à leur valeur actualisée attendue. Elle peut également avoir des incidences importantes pour l’analyse d’autres instruments d’action possibles du point de vue du bien-être. |
| Page Count | 32 |
| Starting Page | 61 |
| Ending Page | 92 |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | OECD Publishing |
| Publisher Date | 2010-12-20 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Transport |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Chapter |
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