NDLI: Mining answers for causal questions in a medical example

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Sobrino, A. Olivas, J.A. Puente, C.
Copyright Year	2011
Description	Author affiliation: Faculty of Philosophy University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain (Sobrino, A.) \|\| Information Technologies and Systems Dept, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain (Olivas, J.A.) \|\| ICAI, Pontificia Comillas University, Madrid, Spain (Puente, C.)
Abstract	The aim of this paper is to approach causal questions in a medical domain. Causal questions par excellence are what, how and why-questions. The ‘pyramid of questions’ shows this. At the top, why-questions are the prototype of causal questions. Usually why-questions are related to scientific explanations. Although cover law explanation is characteristically of physical sciences, it is less common in biological or medical knowledge. In medicine, laws applied to all cases are rare. It seems that doctors express their knowledge using mechanisms instead of natural laws. In this paper we will approach causal questions with the aim of: (1) answering what-questions as identifying the cause of an effect; (2) answering how-questions as selecting an appropriate part of a mechanism that relates pairs of cause-effect (3) answering why-questions as identifying ultimate causes in the answers of how-questions. In this task, we hypothesize that why-questions are related to scientific explanations in a negative and a positive note: (i) as previously said, scientific explanations in biology are based on mechanisms instead of natural laws; (ii) scientific explanations are generally concerned with deepening, providing explanations as detailed as possible. Thus, we conjecture that answers to why-questions have to find the ultimate causes in a mechanism and link them to the prior cause summarizing the intermediate nodes in order to provide a comprehensible answer. The Mackie´s INUS causality offers a theoretical support for this solution.
Starting Page	432
Ending Page	437
File Size	979520
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781457716768
ISSN	21647151
e-ISBN	9781457716768
DOI	10.1109/ISDA.2011.6121694
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2011-11-22
Publisher Place	Spain
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Databases answering causal questions Lungs Materials causal questions Joining processes Intelligent systems mechanisms imperfect causality Blood Cancer
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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