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| Content Provider | IEEE Xplore Digital Library |
|---|---|
| Author | Jong-Ho Park Aoyama, S. Watanabe, T. Akahori, T. Kosugi, T. Isobe, K. Kaneko, Y. Zheng Liu Muramatsu, K. Matsuyama, T. Kawahito, S. |
| Copyright Year | 2009 |
| Description | Author affiliation: Brookman Lab, Hamamatsu, Japan (Jong-Ho Park; Aoyama, S.; Watanabe, T.; Akahori, T.; Kosugi, T.; Isobe, K.; Kaneko, Y.; Zheng Liu; Muramatsu, K.; Matsuyama, T.; Kawahito, S.) |
| Abstract | The performance requirements of next-generation CMOS image sensors (CIS) have been increasing in terms of frame rate, read noise, dynamic range, as well as pixel resolution. In order to satisfy strict specifications, a column-parallel ADC is a key element in a state-of-the-art CIS. However, this architecture leads to side-effects such as vertical fixed pattern noise (VFPN) and read noise. In order to reduce these non-idealities, several techniques can be applied such as digital CDS using a single-slope ADC [1][2], and pre-amplified digital CDS using a SAR ADC [3]. It is challenging to overcome the difficulty of compatibility between ADC speed and bit resolution, while maintaining low-noise performance and high dynamic range (DR). In this paper, a low-noise high-DR and high-speed CIS with a 13b column-parallel cyclic ADC based on a single-ended architecture is presented. The cyclic ADC requires 12 cycles for 13b resolution. The ADC requires identical conversions for reset and signals, within the limited horizontal time period, at a frame rate of over 300fps, so as to achieve perfect digital CDS and ultra-low VFPN. In addition, lower total read noise is achieved without signal amplification by removing: 1) dual analog paths in fully differential circuits, 2) a common reference route, and 3) digital coupling noise. Published cyclic ADCs that are located in the column of a CIS have column pitch of 15µm or larger [4]. The circuits with the single-ended architecture presented in this paper are squeezed into 5.6µm column pitch and can be applied to 2.8µm-pitch pixels with double-side disposition. |
| File Size | 850541 |
| File Format | |
| ISBN | 9781424434589 |
| DOI | 10.1109/ISSCC.2009.4977411 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Publisher Date | 2009-02-08 |
| Publisher Place | USA |
| Access Restriction | Subscribed |
| Rights Holder | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Subject Keyword | CMOS image sensors Capacitors Image converters Circuits Switches Dynamic range Computational Intelligence Society Linearity Signal resolution Image sampling |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
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