NDLI: First-order visual interneurons distribute distinct contrast and luminance information across ON and OFF pathways to achieve stable behavior

Content Provider	Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Author	Madhura D. Ketkar Burak Gür Sebastian Molina-Obando Maria Ioannidou Carlotta Martelli Marion Silies
Abstract	The accurate processing of contrast is the basis for all visually guided behaviors. Visual scenes with rapidly changing illumination challenge contrast computation because photoreceptor adaptation is not fast enough to compensate for such changes. Yet, human perception of contrast is stable even when the visual environment is quickly changing, suggesting rapid post receptor luminance gain control. Similarly, in the fruit fly Drosophila, such gain control leads to luminance invariant behavior for moving OFF stimuli. Here, we show that behavioral responses to moving ON stimuli also utilize a luminance gain, and that ON-motion guided behavior depends on inputs from three first-order interneurons L1, L2, and L3. Each of these neurons encodes contrast and luminance differently and distributes information asymmetrically across both ON and OFF contrast-selective pathways. Behavioral responses to both ON and OFF stimuli rely on a luminance-based correction provided by L1 and L3, wherein L1 supports contrast computation linearly, and L3 non-linearly amplifies dim stimuli. Therefore, L1, L2, and L3 are not specific inputs to ON and OFF pathways but the lamina serves as a separate processing layer that distributes distinct luminance and contrast information across ON and OFF pathways to support behavior in varying conditions.
e-ISSN	2050084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.74937
Journal	eLife
Volume Number	11
Language	English
Publisher	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
Publisher Date	2022-01-01
Publisher Place	United Kingdom
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Medicine Science Biology (general) Circuit Organization Vision Luminance Gain Behavior Luminance Invariance On and Off Pathways
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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