NDLI: Cyber-Physical Co-Simulation Framework for Smart Cells in Scalable Battery Packs

Content Provider	ACM Digital Library
Author	Meeuw, Arne Lukasiewycz, Martin Narayanaswamy, Swaminathan Kauer, Matthias Steinhorst, Sebastian Chakraborty, Samarjit
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	This article introduces a Cyber-physical Co-Simulation Framework (CPCSF) for design and analysis of smart cells that enable scalable battery pack and Battery Management System (BMS) architectures. In contrast to conventional cells in battery packs, where all cells are monitored and controlled centrally, each smart cell is equipped with its own electronics in the form of a Cell Management Unit (CMU). The CMU maintains the cell in a safe and healthy operating state, while system-level battery management functions are performed by cooperation of the smart cells via communication. Here, the smart cells collaborate in a self-organizing fashion without a central controller instance. This enables maximum scalability and modularity, significantly simplifying integration of battery packs. However, for this emerging architecture, system-level design methodologies and tools have not been investigated yet. By contrast, components are developed individually and then manually tested in a hardware development platform. Consequently, the systematic design of the hardware/software architecture of smart cells requires a cyber-physical multi-level co-simulation of the network of smart cells that has to include all the components from the software, electronic, electric, and electrochemical domains. This comprises distributed BMS algorithms running on the CMUs, the communication network, control circuitry, cell balancing hardware, and battery cell behavior. For this purpose, we introduce a CPCSF that enables rapid design and analysis of smart cell hardware/software architectures. Our framework is then applied to investigate request-driven active cell balancing strategies that make use of the decentralized system architecture. In an exhaustive analysis on a realistic 21.6kW h Electric Vehicle (EV) battery pack containing 96 smart cells in series, the CPCSF is able to simulate hundreds of balancing runs together with all system characteristics, using the proposed request-driven balancing strategies at highest accuracy within an overall time frame of several hours. Consequently, the presented CPCSF for the first time allows us to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the behavior of smart cell architectures for real-world applications.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	26
Page Count	26
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10844309
e-ISSN	15577309
DOI	10.1145/2891407
Volume Number	21
Issue Number	4
Journal	ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Publisher Date	2016-06-21
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Smart battery cells Active cell balancing Battery management Cell balancing strategy Co-simulation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design Computer Science Applications Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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