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Insulin and Glucose Regulation of Glycogenesis
| Content Provider | AK Lectures |
|---|---|
| Description | Following exercise, we generally tend to ingest a meal that is rich in sugar molecules. This is done primarily to ensure that the cells of our body can restore their glycogen supplies. Following the ingestion of a meal rich in carbohydrates, the beta cells of the pancreas secrete a small peptide hormone called insulin. Insulin binds to special receptors found on the membrane of liver cells and initiates the insulin signal transduction pathway. This pathway activates protein kinases, which in turn inactivate glycogen synthase kinase. Once inactivated, glycogen synthase kinase can no longer keep glycogen synthase in the off position. Once protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) dephosphorylates glycogen synthase back into the active position, the glycogen synthase can now stimulate glycogenesis. PP1 itself must also be activated. PP1 is typically bound to phosphorylase a in the R-state. When glucose concentrations rise, the glucose will bind to phosphorylase a and transform it into the T-state. This inactivates the phosphorylase a and it also stimulates the dissociation of PP1. Once PP1 dissociates, it becomes fully active and can now elicit its response on glycogen synthase. |
| Language | English |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Biochemistry carbohydrates cells membrane insulin receptors R-state body ingestion Insulin pathway activates protein kinases |
| Content Type | Video |
| Educational Role | Teacher Student |
| Educational Use | Self Learning Lecture Reading |
| Resource Type | Video Lecture |
| Education Level | Under Graduate |
| Subject | Biochemistry Human physiology |
