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Description | The Indian novelist and short-story writer Premchand (1880-1936) was the first major novelist in Hindi and Urdu. His writings describe in realistic detail the political and social struggles in India of the early 20th century. Premchand, whose real name was Dhanpatrai Srivastava, was born in the small village of Lamhi a few miles from Benares. His immediate forebears were village accountants in Lamhi. His intimate acquaintance with village life began here and continued when, as a schoolteacher and subdeputy inspector of schools, he traveled extensively for 21 years through Uttar Pradesh State. Premchand's early writing was all done in Urdu, but from 1915 he found that writing Hindi was more profitable. Hindi, using the Sanskrit-based script and borrowing heavily from Sanskrit vocabulary, was strongly promoted by the Hindu reform group called the Arya Samaj, and within a few years Hindi publications numerically outstripped those written in Urdu. Premchand's last and greatest novel, Godan, and his most famous story, Kafan (The Shroud), both deal with village life. However, whatever the setting, his late work shows a new mastery. The characters appear to have taken over their own world. The claims of social, moral, and political tenets are secondary to the claims of artistry. Premchand died from a gastric ulcer. One son, Amrtrai, was a noted Hindi writer, and the other, Sripatrai, a talented painter. भारतीय उपन्यासकार और लघु-कथा लेखक प्रेमचंद (1880-1936) हिंदी और उर्दू के पहले प्रमुख उपन्यासकार थे। उनके लेखन में 20वीं सदी की शुरुआत में भारत में राजनीतिक और सामाजिक संघर्षों का यथार्थवादी विस्तार से वर्णन किया गया है। प्रेमचंद, जिनका असली नाम धनपतराय श्रीवास्तव था, का जन्म बनारस से कुछ मील की दूरी पर लम्ही के छोटे से गाँव में हुआ था। उनके तत्काल पूर्वज लमही में ग्राम लेखाकार थे। ग्रामीण जीवन के साथ उनका घनिष्ठ परिचय यहीं से शुरू हुआ और तब जारी रहा, जब एक स्कूली शिक्षक और स्कूलों के उप-निरीक्षक के रूप में, उन्होंने उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य के माध्यम से 21 वर्षों तक व्यापक यात्रा की। प्रेमचंद का प्रारंभिक लेखन सारा उर्दू में हुआ, लेकिन 1915 से उन्होंने पाया कि हिंदी लिखना अधिक लाभदायक था। हिंदी, संस्कृत-आधारित लिपि का उपयोग करते हुए और संस्कृत शब्दावली से भारी उधार लेते हुए, आर्य समाज नामक हिंदू सुधार समूह द्वारा दृढ़ता से प्रचारित किया गया था, और कुछ वर्षों के भीतर हिंदी प्रकाशनों ने उर्दू में लिखे गए लोगों को संख्यात्मक रूप से पीछे छोड़ दिया। प्रेमचंद का अंतिम और सबसे बड़ा उपन्यास, गोदान, और उनकी सबसे प्रसिद्ध कहानी, कफन (द कफन), दोनों ही ग्रामीण जीवन से संबंधित हैं। हालाँकि, सेटिंग जो भी हो, उनका देर से काम एक नई महारत दिखाता है। ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि पात्रों ने अपनी ही दुनिया पर कब्जा कर लिया है। कलात्मकता के दावों के लिए सामाजिक, नैतिक और राजनीतिक सिद्धांतों के दावे गौण हैं। पेट के अल्सर से प्रेमचंद की मौत हो गई। एक पुत्र, अमृतराय, एक प्रसिद्ध हिंदी लेखक थे, और दूसरे, श्रीपतराय, एक प्रतिभाशाली चित्रकार थे। |
Language | Hindi |
Access Restriction | Open |
Subject Keyword | Uttar Pradesh State Arya Samaj Dhanpatrai Srivastava Godan Kafan Amrtrai Urdu India Lamhi Benares Sripatrai उत्तर प्रदेश राज्य आर्य समाज प्रेमचंद धनपतराय श्रीवास्तव गोदान कफन अमृतराय उर्दू भारत लम्ही बनारस श्रीपतराय |
Alternative Title | Premchand |
Content Type | Text |
Resource Type | Collection |
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