NDLI: Intracerebral hemorrhage in cocaine users.

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Intracerebral hemorrhage in cocaine users.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Misra, Vivek Philip, Maria Grotta, James C. Martin-Schild, Sheryl Albright, Karen C. Hallevi, Hen Savitz, Sean I. Barreto, Andrew D.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Martin-Schild S ( Department of Neurology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.)
Abstract	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cocaine is a cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but there are no large studies that have characterized the location, pathology, and outcome of patients with cocaine-associated ICH. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to our stroke service from 2004 to 2007 who had nontraumatic ICH and urine drug screens positive for cocaine and compared them with similar patients who had negative drug screens for cocaine. RESULTS: We identified 45 patients with cocaine-associated ICH and 105 patients with cocaine-negative ICH. There were no significant differences in age or gender, but there was a significantly higher incidence of black patients in the cocaine-positive group. Cocaine-associated ICH patients had higher admission blood pressures, significantly more subcortical hemorrhages, and higher rates of intraventricular hemorrhage compared to patients with cocaine-negative ICH. Cocaine-positive patients had worse functional outcome, defined as modified Rankin Scale score >3 at the time of discharge (OR, 4.90; 95% CI, 2.19-10.97), and were less likely to be discharged home or to inpatient rehabilitation. Patients with cocaine-associated ICH were nearly 3-times more likely to die during their acute hospitalization when compared to cocaine-negative patients. CONCLUSION: Recent cocaine ingestion is associated with hemorrhages that occur more frequently in subcortical locations, have a higher risk of intraventricular hemorrhage, and have a poor prognosis compared to patients with cocaine-negative, spontaneous ICH.
ISSN	00392499
e-ISSN	15244628
DOI	10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.573147
Journal	Stroke
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	41
Language	English
Publisher	Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (on behalf of the American Heart Association)
Publisher Date	2010-04-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Cerebral Hemorrhage Chemically Induced Cocaine Pharmacology Vasoconstrictor Agents Diagnosis Physiopathology Therapy Urine Continental Population Groups Prognosis Retrospective Studies Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Cardiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Neuroscience Advanced and Specialized Nursing Neurology (clinical)

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