NDLI: Refolding rate of stability-enhanced cytochrome c is independent of thermodynamic driving force.

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Refolding rate of stability-enhanced cytochrome c is independent of thermodynamic driving force.

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Refolding rate of stability-enhanced cytochrome c is independent of thermodynamic driving force.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	McGee, W. A. Nall, B. T.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: McGee WA ( Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7760, USA.)
Abstract	N52I iso-2 cytochrome c is a variant of yeast iso-2 cytochrome c in which asparagine substitutes for isoleucine 52 in an alpha helical segment composed of residues 49-56. The N52I substitution results in a significant increase in both stability and cooperativity of equilibrium unfolding, and acts as a 'global suppressor' of destabilizing mutations. The equilibrium m-value for denaturant-induced unfolding of N52I iso-2 increases by 30%, a surprisingly large amount for a single residue substitution. The folding/unfolding kinetics for N52I iso-2 have been measured by stopped-flow mixing and by manual mixing, and are compared to the kinetics of folding/unfolding of wild-type protein, iso-2 cytochrome c. The results show that the observable folding rate and the guanidine hydrochloride dependence of the folding rate are the same for iso-2 and N52I iso-2, despite the greater thermodynamic stability of N52I iso-2. Thus, there is no linear free-energy relationship between mutation-induced changes in stability and observable refolding rates. However, for N52I iso-2 the unfolding rate is slower and the guanidine hydrochloride dependence of the unfolding rate is smaller than for iso-2. The differences in the denaturant dependence of the unfolding rates suggest that the N52I substitution decreases the change in the solvent accessible hydrophobic surface between the native state and the transition state. Two aspects of the results are inconsistent with a two-state folding/unfolding mechanism and imply the presence of folding intermediates: (1) observable refolding rate constants calculated from the two-state mechanism by combining equilibrium data and unfolding rate measurements deviate from the observed refolding rate constants; (2) kinetically unresolved signal changes ('burst phase') are observed for both N52I iso-2 and iso-2 refolding. The 'burst phase' amplitude is larger for N52I iso-2 than for iso-2, suggesting that the intermediates formed during the 'burst phase' are stabilized by the N52I substitution.
ISSN	09618368
e-ISSN	1469896X
Journal	Protein Science
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	7
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley-Blackwell (on behalf of The Protein Society)
Publisher Date	1998-05-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Cytochrome c Group Chemistry Protein Folding Thermodynamics Enzyme Stability Kinetics Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Research Support, U.s. Gov't, P.h.s. Discipline Biochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Molecular Biology Biochemistry

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