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Individual responses to combined endurance and strength training in older adults.

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Individual responses to combined endurance and strength training in older adults.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Kauhanen, Antti Sillanpää, Elina Rinkinen, Niina Häkkinen, Arja Häkkinen, Keijo Karavirta, Laura Arija-Blázquez, Alfredo
Description	Country affiliation: Finland Author Affiliation: Karavirta L ( Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland. laura.karavirta@jyu.fi)
Abstract	PURPOSE: A combination of endurance and strength training is generally used to seek further health benefits or enhanced physical performance in older adults compared with either of the training modes alone. The mean change within a training group, however, may conceal a wide range of individual differences in the responses. The purpose, therefore, was to examine the individual trainability of aerobic capacity and maximal strength, when endurance and strength training are performed separately or concurrently. METHODS: For this study, 175 previously untrained volunteers, 89 men and 86 women between the ages of 40 and 67 yr, completed a 21-wk period of either strength training (S) twice a week, endurance training (E) twice a week, combined training (ES) four times per week, or served as controls. Training adaptations were quantified as peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in a bicycle ergometer test to exhaustion and maximal isometric bilateral leg extension force (MVC) in a dynamometer. RESULTS: A large range in training responses, similar to endurance or strength training alone, was also observed with combined endurance and strength training in both ΔVO2peak (from -8% to 42%) and ΔMVC (from -12% to 87%). There were no significant correlations between the training responses in VO2peak and MVC in the E, S, or especially in the ES group, suggesting that the same subjects did not systematically increase both aerobic capacity and maximal strength. CONCLUSIONS: The goal of combined endurance and strength training--increasing both aerobic capacity and maximal strength simultaneously--was only achieved by some of the older subjects. New means are needed to personalize endurance, strength, and especially combined endurance and strength training programs for optimal individual adaptations.
ISSN	01959131
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	43
e-ISSN	15300315
Journal	Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Language	English
Publisher	Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (on behalf of the American College of Sports Medicine)
Publisher Date	2011-03-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Physical Endurance Physiology Resistance Training Adaptation, Physiological Adult Aged Exercise Test Female Humans Leg Male Middle Aged Muscle, Skeletal Oxygen Consumption Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Sports Science
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation Sports Science

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