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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Ray, Ratan Singh Pal, Manish Kumar Kushwaha, Hari Narayan Goyal, Shruti Amar, Saroj Kumar Singh, Jyoti Verma, Ankit Dubey, Divya |
| Description | Country affiliation: India Author Affiliation: Goyal S ( Photobiology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India); Amar SK ( Photobiology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India); Dubey D ( Photobiology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.); Pal MK ( Photobiology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.); Singh J ( Photobiology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India); Verma A ( Photobiology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.); Kushwaha HN ( Photobiology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.); Ray RS ( Photobiology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address: ratanray.2011@rediffmail.com.) |
| Abstract | Paraphenylenediamine (PPD), a derivative of paranitroaniline has been most commonly used as an ingredient of oxidative hair dye and permanent tattoos. We have studied the phototoxic potential of PPD under ambient ultraviolet radiation. PPD is photodegraded and form a novel photoproduct under UV A exposure. PPD shows a concentration dependent decrease in cell viability of human Keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) through MTT and NRU test. Significant intracellular ROS generation was measured by DCFDA assay. It caused an oxidative DNA damage via single stranded DNA breaks, micronuclei and CPD formation. Both lysosome and mitochondria is main target for PPD induced apoptosis which was proved through lysosomal destabilization and release of cathepsin B by immunofluorescence, real time PCR and western blot analysis. Cathepsin B process BID to active tBID which induces the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria. Mitochondrial depolarization was reported through transmission electron microscopy. The cathepsin inhibitor reduced the release of cytochrome C in PPD treated cells. Thus study suggests that PPD leads to apoptosis via the involvement of lysosome and mitochondria both under ambient UV radiation. Therefore, photosensitizing nature of hair dye ingredients should be tested before coming to market as a cosmetic product for the safety of human beings. |
| ISSN | 03043894 |
| Volume Number | 300 |
| e-ISSN | 18733336 |
| Journal | Journal of Hazardous Materials |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher Date | 2015-12-30 |
| Publisher Place | Netherlands |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Apoptosis Drug Effects Radiation Effects Cathepsin B Chemistry Mitochondria Phenylenediamines Pharmacology Antioxidants Analysis Metabolism Antagonists & Inhibitors Cell Cycle Cell Line Dna Damage Humans Keratinocytes Lysosomes Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial Micronucleus Tests Reactive Oxygen Species Ultraviolet Rays Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Environmental Science Discipline Environmental Chemistry |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Environmental Chemistry Pollution Waste Management and Disposal Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Environmental Engineering |
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