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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Stringham, James M. Snodderly, D. Max |
| Description | Country affiliation: Georgia Author Affiliation: Stringham JM ( Vision Science Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.) |
| Abstract | PURPOSE: To compare action spectra for visual discomfort in the fovea and the parafovea and to determine the effect of macular pigment (MP). METHODS: Visual discomfort thresholds to lights from 440 to 600 nm were obtained for six young (<35 y), visually normal subjects with a wide range of MP densities (0.10-0.71 at 30' eccentricity). Foveal and parafoveal conditions were assessed. Discomfort thresholds were also obtained for xenon-white light (partially absorbed by MP), and a broadband yellow (outside the absorption band of MP). MP was measured psychophysically using heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP). RESULTS: For the parafovea, discomfort sensitivity (1/threshold) increased sharply with decreasing wavelength for all subjects. Commensurate with a subject's MP level, MP significantly reduced visual discomfort to short wavelengths (including xenon-white light) for central viewing. CONCLUSIONS: MP simultaneously reduces visual discomfort and protects from light damage at short wavelengths. As a result, MP increases the range of safe and comfortable light levels. Because higher light levels enable improved visual sensitivity for fine detail, these findings indicate that the spectral absorption properties and spatial distribution of MP combine to protect the retina while enhancing visual performance. The action spectrum for visual discomfort closely matches the risk for acute light damage to the retinal pigment epithelium, and it is consistent with a major influence from the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells containing melanopsin. We suggest that MP interacts with nonimage-forming retinal input to achieve the dual outcomes of visual discomfort reduction and protection from light damage. |
| ISSN | 01460404 |
| e-ISSN | 15525783 |
| Journal | Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science |
| Issue Number | 9 |
| Volume Number | 54 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology |
| Publisher Date | 2013-09-19 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Adaptation, Ocular Macula Lutea Physiology Retinal Pigments Photic Stimulation Photometry Photophobia Metabolism Physiopathology Reference Values Sensory Thresholds Comparative Study Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Research Support, U.s. Gov't, Non-p.h.s. Discipline Ophthalmology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Ophthalmology Sensory Systems Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience |
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