NDLI: Axial eye growth and refractive error development can be modified by exposing the peripheral retina to relative myopic or hyperopic defocus.

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Axial eye growth and refractive error development can be modified by exposing the peripheral retina to relative myopic or hyperopic defocus.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Troilo, David Nour, Ann Benavente-Pérez, Alexandra
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Benavente-Pérez A ( SUNY College of Optometry, New York, New York, United States.); Nour A ( SUNY College of Optometry, New York, New York, United States.); Troilo D ( SUNY College of Optometry, New York, New York, United States.)
Abstract	PURPOSE: Bifocal contact lenses were used to impose hyperopic and myopic defocus on the peripheral retina of marmosets. Eye growth and refractive state were compared with untreated animals and those treated with single-vision or multizone contact lenses from earlier studies. METHODS: Thirty juvenile marmosets wore one of three experimental annular bifocal contact lens designs on their right eyes and a plano contact lens on the left eye as a control for 10 weeks from 70 days of age (10 marmosets/group). The experimental designs had plano center zones (1.5 or 3 mm) and +5 diopters [D] or -5 D in the periphery (referred to as +5 D/1.5 mm, +5 D/3 mm and -5 D/3 mm). We measured the central and peripheral mean spherical refractive error (MSE), vitreous chamber depth (VC), pupil diameter (PD), calculated eye growth, and myopia progression rates prior to and during treatment. The results were compared with age-matched untreated (N=25), single-vision positive (N=19), negative (N=16), and +5/-5 D multizone lens-reared marmosets (N=10). RESULTS: At the end of treatment, animals in the -5 D/3 mm group had larger (P<0.01) and more myopic eyes (P<0.05) than animals in the +5 D/1.5 mm group. There was a dose-dependent relationship between the peripheral treatment zone area and the treatment-induced changes in eye growth and refractive state. Pretreatment ocular growth rates and baseline peripheral refraction accounted for 40% of the induced refraction and axial growth rate changes. CONCLUSIONS: Eye growth and refractive state can be manipulated by altering peripheral retinal defocus. Imposing peripheral hyperopic defocus produces axial myopia, whereas peripheral myopic defocus produces axial hyperopia. The effects are smaller than using single-vision contact lenses that impose full-field defocus, but support the use of bifocal or multifocal contact lenses as an effective treatment for myopia control.
ISSN	01460404
e-ISSN	15525783
DOI	10.1167/iovs.14-14524
Journal	Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
Issue Number	10
Volume Number	55
Language	English
Publisher	Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
Publisher Date	2014-09-04
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Axial Length, Eye Growth & Development Contact Lenses Eyeglasses Refraction, Ocular Refractive Errors Therapy Retina Animals Callithrix Disease Models, Animal Disease Progression Hyperopia Etiology Physiopathology Myopia Comparative Study Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Discipline Ophthalmology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ophthalmology Sensory Systems Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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