NDLI: Site-specific Cleavage of BMP4 by Furin, PC6, and PC7

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Site-specific Cleavage of BMP4 by Furin, PC6, and PC7

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Nelsen, Sylvia M. Christian, Jan L.
Description	Author Affiliation: Nelsen SM ( Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA.)
Abstract	Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) require proteolytic activation by members of the proprotein convertase (PC) family. Pro-BMP4 is initially cleaved at a site adjacent to the mature ligand domain (S1) and then at an upstream site (S2) within the prodomain. Cleavage at the S2 site, which appears to occur in a tissue-specific fashion, regulates the activity and signaling range of mature BMP4. To test the hypothesis that tissue-specific cleavage of pro-BMP4 is regulated by differential expression of a site-specific protease, we identified the PCs that cleave each site in vivo. In Xenopus oocytes, furin and PC6 function redundantly to cleave both the S1 and S2 sites of pro-BMP4, as evidenced by the results of antisense-mediated gene knockdown and the use of the furin- and PC6-selective inhibitor alpha(1)-PDX. By contrast, alpha(1)-PDX blocked cleavage of the S2 but not the S1 site of pro-BMP4 in embryos, suggesting the existence of a developmentally regulated S1 site-specific convertase. This protease is likely to be PC7 based on knowledge of its required substrate cleavage motif and resistance to alpha(1)-PDX. Consistent with this prediction, an alpha(1)-PDX variant engineered to target PC7, in addition to furin and PC6, completely inhibited cleavage of BMP4 in oocytes and embryos. Further studies showed that pc7 transcripts are expressed and polyadenylated, and that the PC7 precursor protein undergoes efficient autocatalytic activation in both oocytes and embryos. These results suggest that PC7, or a convertase with similar substrate specificity, functions to selectively cleave the S1 site of pro-BMP4 in a developmentally regulated fashion.
ISSN	00219258
e-ISSN	1083351X
Journal	Journal of Biological Chemistry
Issue Number	40
Volume Number	284
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (United States)
Publisher Date	2009-10-02
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Chemistry Metabolism Furin Subtilisins Xenopus Proteins Amino Acid Motifs Animals Binding Sites Enzyme Inhibitors Pharmacology Extracellular Space Mutation Oocytes Polyadenylation Protein Binding Drug Effects Protein Structure, Tertiary RNA, Messenger Genetics Substrate Specificity Xenopus Embryology Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Biochemistry Molecular Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Biochemistry Molecular Biology

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