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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Raetz, C. R. Takayama, K. Purcell, S. |
| Abstract | Certain Escherichia coli mutants altered in phosphatidylglycerol metabolism accumulate fatty acyl derivatives of glucosamine 1-phosphate. Especially prominent is 2,3-diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate (previously designated lipid X), which may be an early precursor of lipid A. We have examined the activity of lipid X (Mr = 711.9) and several related compounds as mitogens towards mouse lymphocytes. As judged by labeling with [methyl-3H]thymidine, lipid X is mitogenic, and it mimics the properties of lipopolysaccharide and lipid A. The following evidence suggests that lipid X exerts its effects by a route similar to that of lipopolysaccharide: (i) lymphocytes from C3H/HeJ mice, which are unresponsive to lipopolysaccharide, are also not stimulated by lipid X; (ii) polymyxin B abrogates lymphocyte stimulation by lipid X; and (iii) lipid X induces the proliferation and maturation of lymphocytes to antibody-producing plaque-forming cells. Selective removal of the ester-linked hydroxymyristate moiety at position 3 totally abolishes mitogenic activity. Other phospholipids, such as phosphatidic acid, CDP-diglyceride, phosphatidylcholine, and lysophosphatidylcholine, have no activity as mitogens. If lipid X and lipid A induce by common mechanism(s) B-lymphocyte proliferation, then it follows from structural comparison that the reducing-end subunit of lipid A is the minimal structural requirement for this activity. Because the structure of lipid X is completely defined, biochemical and pharmacological dissection of B-cell activation by lipopolysaccharide should now be possible. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 15 |
| Volume Number | 80 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 1983-09-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | B-Lymphocytes Immunology Escherichia Coli Lipopolysaccharides Lymphocyte Activation Animals Genetics Lipid A Mice Mice, Inbred C3H Mice, Inbred C57BL Mitogens Mutation Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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