NDLI: Self-recognition in primates: phylogeny and the salience of species-typical features.

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Self-recognition in primates: phylogeny and the salience of species-typical features.

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Self-recognition in primates: phylogeny and the salience of species-typical features.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Kralik, J. Hauser, M. D. Oser, J. Botto-mahan, C. Garrett, M.
Description	Author Affiliation: Hauser MD ( Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.);
Abstract	Self-recognition has been explored in nonlinguistic organisms by recording whether individuals touch a dye-marked area on visually inaccessible parts of their face while looking in a mirror or inspect parts of their body while using the mirror's reflection. Only chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and humans over the age of approximately 2 years consistently evidence self-directed mirror-guided behavior without experimenter training. To evaluate the inferred phylogenetic gap between hominoids and other animals, a modified dye-mark test was conducted with cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), a New World monkey species. The white hair on the tamarins' head was color-dyed, thereby significantly altering a visually distinctive species-typical feature. Only individuals with dyed hair and prior mirror exposure touched their head while looking in the mirror. They looked longer in the mirror than controls, and some individuals used the mirror to observe visually inaccessible body parts. Prior failures to pass the mirror test may have been due to methodological problems, rather than to phylogenetic differences in the capacity for self-recognition. Specifically, an individual's sensitivity to experimentally modified parts of its body may depend crucially on the relative saliency of the modified part (e.g., face versus hair). Moreover, and in contrast to previous claims, we suggest that the mirror test may not be sufficient for assessing the concept of self or mental state attribution in nonlinguistic organisms.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	23
Volume Number	92
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1995-12-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Behavior, Animal Cognition Saguinus Psychology Visual Perception Animals Discrimination (Psychology) Exploratory Behavior Hair Color Phylogeny Psychology, Comparative Research Design Species Specificity Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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