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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Talalay, P. Kwak, M. K. Ramos-gomez, M. Yamamoto, M. Itoh, K. Dolan, P. M. Kensler, T. W. |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Ramos-Gomez M ( Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.); |
| Abstract | Induction of phase 2 enzymes, which neutralize reactive electrophiles and act as indirect antioxidants, appears to be an effective means for achieving protection against a variety of carcinogens in animals and humans. Transcriptional control of the expression of these enzymes is mediated, at least in part, through the antioxidant response element (ARE) found in the regulatory regions of their genes. The transcription factor Nrf2, which binds to the ARE, appears to be essential for the induction of prototypical phase 2 enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). Constitutive hepatic and gastric activities of GST and NQO1 were reduced by 50-80% in nrf2-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, the 2- to 5-fold induction of these enzymes in wild-type mice by the chemoprotective agent oltipraz, which is currently in clinical trials, was almost completely abrogated in the nrf2-deficient mice. In parallel with the enzymatic changes, nrf2-deficient mice had a significantly higher burden of gastric neoplasia after treatment with benzo[a]pyrene than did wild-type mice. Oltipraz significantly reduced multiplicity of gastric neoplasia in wild-type mice by 55%, but had no effect on tumor burden in nrf2-deficient mice. Thus, Nrf2 plays a central role in the regulation of constitutive and inducible expression of phase 2 enzymes in vivo and dramatically influences susceptibility to carcinogenesis. Moreover, the total loss of anticarcinogenic efficacy of oltipraz in the nrf2-disrupted mice highlights the prime importance of elevated phase 2 gene expression in chemoprotection by this and similar enzyme inducers. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 6 |
| Volume Number | 98 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2001-03-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Anticarcinogenic Agents Pharmacology DNA-Binding Proteins Physiology Pyrazines Stomach Neoplasms Metabolism Trans-Activators Animals Benzo(a)pyrene Adverse Effects Carcinogenicity Tests Carcinogens Cell Nucleus Genetics Disease Models, Animal Disease Susceptibility Epoxide Hydrolases FMN Reductase Gene Expression Genotype Glucuronosyltransferase Glutathione Transferase Mice Mice, Inbred ICR Mice, Knockout NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases NF-E2-Related Factor 2 Chemically Induced Prevention & Control Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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