NDLI: Metabolic efficiency and amino acid composition in the proteomes of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

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Metabolic efficiency and amino acid composition in the proteomes of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

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Metabolic efficiency and amino acid composition in the proteomes of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Akashi, Hiroshi Gojobori, Takashi
Description	Author Affiliation: Akashi H ( Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics and Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. akashi@psu.edu);
Abstract	Biosynthesis of an Escherichia coli cell, with organic compounds as sources of energy and carbon, requires approximately 20 to 60 billion high-energy phosphate bonds [Stouthamer, A. H. (1973) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 39, 545-565]. A substantial fraction of this energy budget is devoted to biosynthesis of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. The fueling reactions of central metabolism provide precursor metabolites for synthesis of the 20 amino acids incorporated into proteins. Thus, synthesis of an amino acid entails a dual cost: energy is lost by diverting chemical intermediates from fueling reactions and additional energy is required to convert precursor metabolites to amino acids. Among amino acids, costs of synthesis vary from 12 to 74 high-energy phosphate bonds per molecule. The energetic advantage to encoding a less costly amino acid in a highly expressed gene can be greater than 0.025% of the total energy budget. Here, we provide evidence that amino acid composition in the proteomes of E. coli and Bacillus subtilis reflects the action of natural selection to enhance metabolic efficiency. We employ synonymous codon usage bias as a measure of translation rates and show increases in the abundance of less energetically costly amino acids in highly expressed proteins.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	99
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2002-03-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Amino Acids Bacillus Subtilis Chemistry Metabolism Energy Metabolism Escherichia Coli Proteome Biosynthesis Bacterial Proteins Genetics Bias (Epidemiology) Codon Escherichia Coli Proteins Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial Genetic Code Selection, Genetic Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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