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The function of bursts of spikes during visual fixation in the awake primate lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex.

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The function of bursts of spikes during visual fixation in the awake primate lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Macknik, Stephen L. Martinez-conde, Susana Hubel, David H.
Description	Author Affiliation: Martinez-Conde S ( Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. smart@neuralcorrelate.com);
Abstract	When images are stabilized on the retina, visual perception fades. During voluntary visual fixation, however, constantly occurring small eye movements, including microsaccades, prevent this fading. We previously showed that microsaccades generated bursty firing in the primary visual cortex (area V-1) in the presence of stationary stimuli. Here we examine the neural activity generated by microsaccades in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and in the area V-1 of the awake monkey, for various functionally relevant stimulus parameters. During visual fixation, microsaccades drove LGN neurons by moving their receptive fields across a stationary stimulus, offering a likely explanation of how microsaccades block fading during normal fixation. Bursts of spikes in the LGN and area V-1 were associated more closely than lone spikes with preceding microsaccades, suggesting that bursts are more reliable than are lone spikes as neural signals for visibility. In area V-1, microsaccade-generated activity, and the number of spikes per burst, was maximal when the bar stimulus centered over a receptive field matched the cell's optimal orientation. This suggested burst size as a neural code for stimuli optimality (and not solely stimuli visibility). As expected, burst size did not vary with stimulus orientation in the LGN. To address the effectiveness of microsaccades in generating neural activity, we compared activity correlated with microsaccades to activity correlated with flashing bars. Onset responses to flashes were about 7 times larger than the responses to the same stimulus moved across the cells' receptive fields by microsaccades, perhaps because of the relative abruptness of flashes.
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	21
Volume Number	99
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2002-10-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Geniculate Bodies Physiology Visual Cortex Animals Evoked Potentials, Visual Macaca Mulatta Models, Neurological Photic Stimulation Saccades Visual Perception Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Multidisciplinary
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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