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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Kaina, Bernd Bauer, Martina Christmann, Markus Goldstein, Michael Heylmann, Daniel Becker, Huong |
| Description | Author Affiliation: Bauer M ( Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.); |
| Abstract | Monocytes are key players in the immune system. Crossing the blood barrier, they infiltrate tissues and differentiate into (i) macrophages that fight off pathogens and (ii) dendritic cells (DCs) that activate the immune response. A hallmark of monocyte/macrophage activation is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a defense against invading microorganisms. How monocytes, macrophages, and DCs in particular respond to ROS is largely unknown. Here we studied the sensitivity of primary human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood and compared them with macrophages and DCs derived from them by cytokine maturation following DNA damage induced by ROS. We show that monocytes are hypersensitive to ROS, undergoing excessive apoptosis. These cells exhibited a high yield of ROS-induced DNA single- and double-strand breaks and activation of the ATR-Chk1-ATM-Chk2-p53 pathway that led to Fas and caspase-8, -3, and -7 activation, whereas macrophages and DCs derived from them were protected. Monocytes are also hypersensitive to ionizing radiation and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The remarkable sensitivity of monocytes to oxidative stress is caused by a lack of expression of the DNA repair proteins XRCC1, ligase III , poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, and catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK(cs)), causing a severe DNA repair defect that impacts base excision repair and double-strand break repair by nonhomologous end-joining. During maturation of monocytes into macrophages and DCs triggered by the cytokines GM-CSF and IL-4, these proteins become up-regulated, making macrophages and DCs repair-competent and ROS-resistant. We propose that impaired DNA repair in monocytes plays a role in the regulation of the monocyte/macrophage/DC system following ROS exposure. |
| ISSN | 00278424 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 52 |
| Volume Number | 108 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
| Publisher Date | 2011-12-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded Dendritic Cells Immunology Macrophages Monocytes Oxidative Stress Apoptosis Blotting, Western Cell Differentiation Centrifugation Comet Assay DNA Primers Genetics Metabolism Flow Cytometry Oligonucleotides Reactive Oxygen Species Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Multidisciplinary |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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