NDLI: Polar bear mother-offspring interactions in maternity dens in captivity.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Van Gessel, Chad
Spatial Coverage	Netherlands
Description	Country affiliation: Netherlands Author Affiliation: van Gessel C ( University of Applied Sciences Van Hall Larenstein, the Netherlands.)
Abstract	Two female polar bears at Dierenrijk Zoo in the Netherlands were monitored at their maternity den one day before the birth of their cubs and three days postpartum. Each bear was monitored for 96 hr to document behaviour and vocalisations. The goal was to obtain insight into the differences between the mother that lost her litter and the other that successfully reared her cubs. Six groups of cub vocalisations were identified: Comfort, Discomfort, Distress, Nursing Attempts, Nursing, and No Vocalisation. Maternal vocalisations were split into three groups: Calm, Grooming, and Stress. Maternal behaviours were also split into three groups: Active, Rest, and Stress. The unsuccessful mother produced more stress vocalisations before and during the birth of her cub, whereas the successful mother appeared less stressed. Vocalisations indicate that the cub that died tried to nurse but was unsuccessful. The unsuccessful mother showed less stress as her cub got weaker and vocalised less. From this I suggest that maternal stress was a factor in cub mortality.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	07333188
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	34
e-ISSN	10982361
Journal	Zoo Biology
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2015-09-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Zoology Animals, Newborn Physiology Behavior, Animal Parturition Stress, Physiological Ursidae Vocalization, Animal Animals Animals, Zoo Breast Feeding Female Grooming Nesting Behavior Netherlands Rest Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Animal Science and Zoology

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