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Effects of storage conditions on forensic examinations of blood samples and bloodstains stored for 20 years.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Hara, M. Nakanishi, H. Yoneyama, K. Saito, K. Takada, A.
Description	Author Affiliation: Hara M ( Department of Forensic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, Japan. Electronic address: ms2_hara@saitama-med.ac.jp.); Nakanishi H ( Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.); Yoneyama K ( Department of Forensic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.); Saito K ( Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.); Takada A ( Department of Forensic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.)
Abstract	The effects of various storage conditions on blood identification tests, DNA degradation, and short tandem repeat (STR) typing were evaluated. Bloodstains stored at room temperature, 4 °C, -20 °C, and -80 °C for 20 years; blood samples stored at -20 °C and -80 °C for 20 years; and fresh blood samples were analyzed. Leuco-malachite-green testing, anti-human hemoglobin (Hb) testing (using immunochromatography), and tests for hemoglobin-beta (HBB) mRNA were performed as blood identification tests. DNA degradation was evaluated by quantifying the ratios of 305 and 129 base pair (bp) fragments to 41 bp fragments. STR typing was performed using an AmpFlSTR® Identifiler™ Plus PCR Amplification Kit. All samples were positive in leuco-malachite-green staining and anti-human Hb assays. HBB was not detected in blood samples stored at -20 °C or -80 °C, although this marker was detected in all bloodstains. As indicated by the ratio of 129:41 bp and 305:41 bp DNA fragments, DNA from bloodstains stored at room temperature or 4 °C were significantly degraded compared to DNA from all other samples. STR typing analyses revealed that a portion of the loci was undetected in bloodstains stored at room temperature. Therefore, to prevent DNA degradation during long-term storage, it is recommended that bloodstains and blood be stored at below -20 °C. In addition, because bloodstains are more suitable for detection of blood-specific mRNAs than blood sample, it is desirable that blood is stored as bloodstain for this method.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	13446223
Volume Number	18
e-ISSN	18734162
Journal	Legal Medicine
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2016-01-01
Publisher Place	Ireland
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Jurisprudence Blood Stains Dna Degradation, Necrotic Dna Fingerprinting Standards Forensic Pathology Rna, Messenger Analysis Methods Humans Immunochromatography Microsatellite Repeats Polymerase Chain Reaction Postmortem Changes Specimen Handling Temperature Time Factors Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Issues, Ethics and Legal Aspects Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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