NDLI: Intrafamilial spread of enterovirus infections at the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Salvatoni, Alessandro Baj, Andreina Bianchi, Giuliana Federico, Giovanni Colombo, Martina Toniolo, Antonio
Spatial Coverage	Italy
Description	Country affiliation: Italy Author Affiliation: Salvatoni A ( Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria Medical School, Varese, Italy. alessandro.salvatoni@uninsubria.it)
Abstract	BACKGROUND: At the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), enterovirus (EV) infections are suspected to play a role. EVs in blood are seen as a possible biomarker of T1D. EV infections may occur in temporal and geographic clusters and may spread within families. OBJECTIVE: We checked whether EVs were present in the blood of newly diagnosed diabetic probands and of their consenting siblings and parents. We aimed at evaluating the frequency of EV infection, whether infections were spreading within families, and which EV species were involved. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Blood was drawn from 24 newly diagnosed diabetic children/adolescents and their family members (20 siblings and 41 parents). Blood donors and non-diabetic children/adolescents diagnosed with overweight/short stature were used as controls. RNA was extracted from plasma/leukocytes. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays capable of detecting virtually all EV types and of giving preliminary species identification were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: EV genomes were found in the blood of 19 of 24 (79%) diabetics, 12 of 20 (60%) non-diabetic siblings, 26 of 41 (63%) parents, and 1 of 29 (3%) pediatric controls. EVs of the A, B, C, and D species were detected, with the B and C species more prevalent. Probands and virus-positive members of each family consistently shared the same EV species. During follow-up, 4 of 20 (20%) siblings of diabetic probands developed T1D with a latency of 3-25 months. In conclusion, infection by different EV species is highly prevalent at the clinical onset and extends to family members. EV may represent a precipitating factor of T1D. However, the disease only develops in a subset of infected individuals.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	1399543X
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	14
e-ISSN	13995448
Journal	Pediatric Diabetes
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2013-09-01
Publisher Place	Denmark
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Endocrinology Discipline Pediatrics Autoimmune Diseases Virology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Enterovirus B, Human Immunology Enterovirus C, Human Enterovirus Infections Transmission Family Health Adolescent Blood Complications Child Cohort Studies Enterovirus A, Human Classification Isolation & Purification Enterovirus D, Human Epidemiology Female Follow-up Studies Humans Italy Male Molecular Typing Parents Prevalence Siblings Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

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