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Comprehensive analysis of protein modifications by top-down mass spectrometry.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Zhang, Han Ge, Ying
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Zhang H ( Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.)
Abstract	Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is playing an increasingly important role in cardiovascular research. Proteomics includes identification and quantification of proteins and the characterization of protein modifications, such as posttranslational modifications and sequence variants. The conventional bottom-up approach, involving proteolytic digestion of proteins into small peptides before MS analysis, is routinely used for protein identification and quantification with high throughput and automation. Nevertheless, it has limitations in the analysis of protein modifications, mainly because of the partial sequence coverage and loss of connections among modifications on disparate portions of a protein. An alternative approach, top-down MS, has emerged as a powerful tool for the analysis of protein modifications. The top-down approach analyzes whole proteins directly, providing a 'bird's-eye' view of all existing modifications. Subsequently, each modified protein form can be isolated and fragmented in the mass spectrometer to locate the modification site. The incorporation of the nonergodic dissociation methods, such as electron-capture dissociation (ECD), greatly enhances the top-down capabilities. ECD is especially useful for mapping labile posttranslational modifications that are well preserved during the ECD fragmentation process. Top-down MS with ECD has been successfully applied to cardiovascular research, with the unique advantages in unraveling the molecular complexity, quantifying modified protein forms, complete mapping of modifications with full-sequence coverage, discovering unexpected modifications, identifying and quantifying positional isomers, and determining the order of multiple modifications. Nevertheless, top-down MS still needs to overcome some technical challenges to realize its full potential. Herein, we reviewed the advantages and challenges of the top-down method, with a focus on its application in cardiovascular research.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	1942325X
e-ISSN	19423268
DOI	10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.110.957829
Journal	Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	4
Language	English
Publisher	American Heart Association
Publisher Date	2011-12-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Cardiology Cardiovascular Diseases Metabolism Mass Spectrometry Proteins Proteomics Evaluation Studies Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Genetics Genetics (clinical) Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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