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| Content Provider | World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus |
|---|---|
| Author | Posada-Duque, Rafael Andrés Palacio-Castañeda, Valentina Cardona-Gómez, Gloria Patricia |
| Description | Country affiliation: Colombia Author Affiliation: Posada-Duque RA ( Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 70, No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.); Palacio-Castañeda V ( Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 70, No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.); Cardona-Gómez GP ( Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 70, No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia. Electronic address: patricia.cardona@neurociencias.udea.edu.co.) |
| Abstract | Astrocytes perform metabolic and structural support functions in the brain and contribute to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Astrocytes influence neuronal survival and prevent gliotoxicity by capturing glutamate (Glu), reactive oxygen species, and nutrients. During these processes, astrocytic morphological changes are supported by actin cytoskeleton remodeling and require the involvement of Rho GTPases, such as Rac1. The protein cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) may have a dual effect on astrocytes because it has been shown to be involved in migration, senescence, and the dysfunction of glutamate recapture; however, its role in astrocytes remains unclear. Treating a possible deregulation of CDK5 with RNAi is a strategy that has been proposed as a therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Models of glutamate gliotoxicity in the C6 astroglioma cell line, primary cultures of astrocytes, and co-cultures with neurons were used to analyze the effects of CDK5 RNAi in astrocytes and the role of Rac1 in neuronal viability. In C6 cells and primary astrocytes, CDK5 RNAi prevented the cell death generated by glutamate-induced gliotoxicity, and this finding was corroborated by pharmacological inhibition with roscovitine. This effect was associated with the appearance of lamellipodia, protrusions, increased cell area, stellation, Rac1 activation, BDNF release, and astrocytic protection in neurons that were exposed to glutamate excitotoxicity. Interestingly, Rac1 inhibition in astrocytes blocked BDNF upregulation and the astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling and stellation may be a functional phenotype for BDNF release that promotes neuroprotection. In summary, our findings suggest that CDK5- knockdown in astrocytes acts as a trophic source for neuronal protection in a Rac1-dependent manner. |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 10447431 |
| Volume Number | 68 |
| e-ISSN | 10959327 |
| Journal | Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Publisher Date | 2015-09-01 |
| Publisher Place | United States |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Discipline Cell Biology Discipline Molecular Biology Discipline Neurology Astrocytes Physiology Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 Metabolism Neurons Neuroprotection Rac1 Gtp-binding Protein Animals Animals, Newborn Drug Effects Cells, Cultured Cerebral Cortex Cytology Coculture Techniques Genetics Embryo, Mammalian Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists Toxicity Glioma Pathology Glutamic Acid Mutation Nerve Tissue Proteins Protein Kinase Inhibitors Pharmacology Purines Rats Rats, Wistar Time Factors Rhoa Gtp-binding Protein Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Cell Biology Molecular Biology Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience |
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