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Metal ions in biological catalysis: from enzyme databases to general principles.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Andreini, Claudia Bertini, Ivano Cavallaro, Gabriele Holliday, Gemma L. Thornton, Janet M.
Description	Country affiliation: Italy Author Affiliation: Andreini C ( Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.)
Abstract	We analysed the roles and distribution of metal ions in enzymatic catalysis using available public databases and our new resource Metal-MACiE (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/Metal_MACiE/home.html). In Metal-MACiE, a database of metal-based reaction mechanisms, 116 entries covering 21% of the metal-dependent enzymes and 70% of the types of enzyme-catalysed chemical transformations are annotated according to metal function. We used Metal-MACiE to assess the functions performed by metals in biological catalysis and the relative frequencies of different metals in different roles, which can be related to their individual chemical properties and availability in the environment. The overall picture emerging from the overview of Metal-MACiE is that redox-inert metal ions are used in enzymes to stabilize negative charges and to activate substrates by virtue of their Lewis acid properties, whereas redox-active metal ions can be used both as Lewis acids and as redox centres. Magnesium and zinc are by far the most common ions of the first type, while calcium is relatively less used. Magnesium, however, is most often bound to phosphate groups of substrates and interacts with the enzyme only transiently, whereas the other metals are stably bound to the enzyme. The most common metal of the second type is iron, which is prevalent in the catalysis of redox reactions, followed by manganese, cobalt, molybdenum, copper and nickel. The control of the reactivity of redox-active metal ions may involve their association with organic cofactors to form stable units. This occurs sometimes for iron and nickel, and quite often for cobalt and molybdenum.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	09498257
Issue Number	8
Volume Number	13
e-ISSN	14321327
Journal	JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry
Language	English
Publisher	Springer
Publisher Date	2008-11-01
Publisher Place	Germany
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Biochemistry Databases, Protein Enzymes Metabolism Metals Biocatalysis Chemistry Ions Magnesium Manganese Metalloproteins Models, Chemical Oxidation-reduction Oxidoreductases Transferases Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry Inorganic Chemistry

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Metal ions in biological catalysis: from enzyme databases to general principles

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The biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactors.

Metal ions in biological catalysis: from enzyme databases to general principles.

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Metal ions in biological catalysis: from enzyme databases to general principles.