NDLI: Radon in indoor air of primary schools: determinant factors, their variability and effective dose.

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Radon in indoor air of primary schools: determinant factors, their variability and effective dose.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Madureira, Joana Paciência, Inês Rufo, João Moreira, André de Oliveira Fernandes, Eduardo Pereira, Alcides
Spatial Coverage	Portugal
Description	Country affiliation: Portugal Author Affiliation: Madureira J ( Institute of Science and Innovation on Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal. jmadureira@inegi.up.pt.); Paciência I ( Institute of Science and Innovation on Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.); Rufo J ( Institute of Science and Innovation on Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.); Moreira A ( Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.); de Oliveira Fernandes E ( Institute of Science and Innovation on Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.); Pereira A ( Natural Radioactivity Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.)
Abstract	Radon is a radioactive gas, abundant in granitic areas, such as in the city of Porto at the north-east of Portugal. This gas is a recognized carcinogenic agent, being appointed by the World Health Organization as the leading cause of lung cancer after smoking. The aim of this preliminary survey was to determine indoor radon concentrations in public primary schools, to analyse the main factors influencing their indoor concentration levels and to estimate the effective dose in students and teachers in primary schools. Radon concentrations were measured in 45 classrooms from 13 public primary schools located in Porto, using CR-39 passive radon detectors for about 2-month period. In all schools, radon concentrations ranged from 56 to 889 Bq/m(3) (mean = 197 Bq/m(3)). The results showed that the limit of 100 Bq/m(3) established by WHO IAQ guidelines was exceeded in 92 % of the measurements, as well as 8 % of the measurements exceeded the limit of 400 Bq/m(3) established by the national legislation. Moreover, the mean annual effective dose was calculated as 1.25 mSv/y (ranging between 0.58 and 3.07 mSv/y), which is below the action level (3-10 mSv). The considerable variability of radon concentration observed between and within floors indicates a need to monitor concentrations in several rooms for each floor. A single radon detector for each room can be used, provided that the measurement error is considerably lower than variability of radon concentration between rooms. The results of the present survey will provide useful baseline data for adopting safety measures and dealing effectively with radiation emergencies. In particular, radon remediation techniques should be used in buildings located in the highest radon risk areas of Portugal. The results obtained in the current study concerning radon levels and their variations will be useful to optimize the design of future research surveys.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	02694042
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	38
e-ISSN	15732983
Journal	Environmental Geochemistry and Health
Language	English
Publisher	Springer
Publisher Date	2016-04-01
Publisher Place	Netherlands
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Environmental Health Air Pollutants, Radioactive Analysis Air Pollution, Indoor Radon Schools Humans Portugal Radiation Monitoring Methods Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Medicine Geochemistry and Petrology Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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