NDLI: Cadmium accumulation in Panax notoginseng: levels, affecting factors and the non-carcinogenic health risk.

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Cadmium accumulation in Panax notoginseng: levels, affecting factors and the non-carcinogenic health risk.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Zhu, Meilin Jiang, Yang Cui, Bin Jiang, Yanxue Cao, Hongbin Zhang, Wensheng
Description	Country affiliation: China Author Affiliation: Zhu M ( Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.); Jiang Y ( College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.); Cui B ( Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.); Jiang Y ( College of Resource Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.); Cao H ( Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.); Zhang W ( College of Resource Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.)
Abstract	Cadmium (Cd) contamination has been reported to be a problem for the safe usage of Panax notoginseng (Sanchi); thus, it is necessary to elucidate the Cd accumulation in Sanchi and to assess its associated health risk. Samples were collected from major producing areas in Yunnan, China. The average concentration of Cd in Sanchi was 0.43 mg/kg, which exceeds the standard level for herbal medicine in China (0.3 mg/kg). A stepwise regression analysis showed that zinc and the pH were the related factors that most significantly impacted Cd in Sanchi roots. The hazard quotient values were estimated as 0.0010 (men) and 0.0012 (women) for consumers taking preparations and were 0.011 (men) and 0.013 (women) for consumers taking health products, implying that there is no non-carcinogenic hazard associated with Sanchi consumption. However, a Monte Carlo simulation showed that approximately 0.80 % of male and 1.02 % of female consumers via drug consumption and 36.28 % of male and 41.87 % of female consumers via health product consumption had an exposure exceeding the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of Cd from drugs (1 % of the total oral ADI as suggested by the World Health Organization). These people should control their oral Cd intake from both Sanchi consumption and diet as a whole.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	02694042
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	38
e-ISSN	15732983
Journal	Environmental Geochemistry and Health
Language	English
Publisher	Springer
Publisher Date	2016-04-01
Publisher Place	Netherlands
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Environmental Health Cadmium Metabolism Panax Notoginseng Carcinogens Environmental Exposure Female Humans Male Risk Assessment Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Medicine Geochemistry and Petrology Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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