NDLI: Impacts of sampling design and estimation methods on nutrient leaching of intensively monitored forest plots in the Netherlands

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Maternal and fetal tissue accumulation of selected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) following exposure to sewage sludge-treated pastures before or after conception.

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Impacts of sampling design and estimation methods on nutrient leaching of intensively monitored forest plots in the Netherlands

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	de Vries, W. Wieggers, H. J. J. Brus, D. J.
Spatial Coverage	Netherlands
Description	Country affiliation: Netherlands Author Affiliation: de Vries W ( Alterra Soil Science Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands. wim.devries@wur.nl)
Abstract	Element fluxes through forest ecosystems are generally based on measurements of concentrations in soil solution at regular time intervals at plot locations sampled in a regular grid. Here we present spatially averaged annual element leaching fluxes in three Dutch forest monitoring plots using a new sampling strategy in which both sampling locations and sampling times are selected by probability sampling. Locations were selected by stratified random sampling with compact geographical blocks of equal surface area as strata. In each sampling round, six composite soil solution samples were collected, consisting of five aliquots, one per stratum. The plot-mean concentration was estimated by linear regression, so that the bias due to one or more strata being not represented in the composite samples is eliminated. The sampling times were selected in such a way that the cumulative precipitation surplus of the time interval between two consecutive sampling times was constant, using an estimated precipitation surplus averaged over the past 30 years. The spatially averaged annual leaching flux was estimated by using the modeled daily water flux as an ancillary variable. An important advantage of the new method is that the uncertainty in the estimated annual leaching fluxes due to spatial and temporal variation and resulting sampling errors can be quantified. Results of this new method were compared with the reference approach in which daily leaching fluxes were calculated by multiplying daily interpolated element concentrations with daily water fluxes and then aggregated to a year. Results show that the annual fluxes calculated with the reference method for the period 2003–2005, including all plots, elements and depths, lies only in 53% of the cases within the range of the average ±2 times the standard error of the new method. Despite the differences in results, both methods indicate comparable N retention and strong Al mobilization in all plots, with Al leaching being nearly equal to the leaching of $SO_{4}$ and $NO_{3}$ with fluxes expressed in $mol_{c}$ ha $^{−1}$ yr $^{−1}$ . This illustrates that Al release, which is the clearest signal of soil acidification , is mainly due to the external input of $SO_{4}$ and $NO_{3}.$
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	14640325
Issue Number	8
Volume Number	12
e-ISSN	14640333
Journal	Journal of Environmental Monitoring
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Publisher Date	2010-08-05
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring Methods Environmental Pollution Statistics & Numerical Data Fresh Water Chemistry Rain Soil Pollutants Analysis Aluminum Ammonia Calcium Manganese Methane Netherlands Nitrates Statistics As Topic Sulfates Trees Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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