NDLI: Inactivation of human enteric virus surrogates by high-intensity ultrasound.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Su, Xiaowei Zivanovic, Svetlana D'Souza, Doris H.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Su X ( Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.)
Abstract	Foodborne viruses, especially human noroviruses, are recognized as leading causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Development of effective inactivation methods is of great importance to control their spread. In this study, the effect of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) on the infectivity of three foodborne virus surrogates was investigated. The three surrogates, murine norovirus (MNV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV-F9), and MS2 bacteriophage, were diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or orange juice to a titer of approximately 6 log(10) PFU/mL or approximately 4 log(10) PFU/mL. The ultrasound treatment was performed in duplicate by immersing the HIUS probe in virus-containing solution that was cooled in ice-water and sonicated at 20 kHz for 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min with 30 sec on and 30 sec off. The infectivity of the recovered viruses after each ultrasound treatment was evaluated in duplicate using standardized plaque assays and compared to untreated controls. The results show that HIUS effectiveness depended on the virus type, the initial titer of the viruses, and the virus suspension solution. At titers of approximately 4 log(10) PFU/mL in PBS, feline calicivirus (FCV)-F9, MS2, and murine norovirus (MNV)-1 required 5-, 10-, and 30-min treatment, respectively, for complete inactivation. At initial titers of approximately 4 log(10) PFU/mL in orange juice, FCV-F9 required a 15-min treatment for complete inactivation and only a 1.55 log(10) PFU/mL reduction was achieved for MNV-1 in orange juice after 30-min treatment. Thus, inactivation by HIUS in orange juice was much lower than in PBS. Experiments using titers of approximately 6 log(10) PFU/mL showed decreased effects compared to those using titers of approximately 4 log(10) PFU/mL. These results indicate that HIUS alone is not sufficient to inactivate virus in food. Hurdle technologies that combine HIUS with antimicrobials, heat, or pressure should be explored for viral inactivation.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	15353141
Issue Number	9
Volume Number	7
e-ISSN	15567125
Journal	Foodborne Pathogens and Disease
Language	English
Publisher	Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Publisher Date	2010-09-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Microbiology Discipline Parasitology Discipline Nutritional Sciences Caliciviridae Physiology Foodborne Diseases Virology Sonication Virus Inactivation Animals Caliciviridae Infections Prevention & Control Calicivirus, Feline Cats Cell Line Humans Levivirus Mice Norovirus Solutions Viral Plaque Assay Journal Article Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Animal Science and Zoology Microbiology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Food Science

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