NDLI: Prevalence of Clostridium difficile toxin genes in the feces of veal calves and incidence of ground veal contamination.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Houser, Beth A. Soehnlen, Marty K. Wolfgang, David R. Lysczek, Hannah R. Burns, Carol M. Jayarao, Bhushan M.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Houser BA ( Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.)
Abstract	A study was conducted in two parts to determine the prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in veal calves and retail meat. The first part of the study focused on the veal production continuum (farm to abattoir). Fifty calves from 4 veal herds (n=200) were followed for 18-22 weeks from the time of arrival on the veal farm to the time of slaughter. Fecal samples were collected from calves every 4-6 weeks. Half of the calves included in the study (n=100) were followed to the abattoir where carcass swabs were collected post slaughter. Fecal samples and carcass swabs were screened for genes encoding C. difficile toxins TcdA, TcdB, and CDT by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Carcass swabs were also screened for toxigenic C. difficile by using traditional culture methods. In the second part of the study, ground veal products (n=50 samples) purchased from local grocery stores were examined for toxigenic C. difficile by using real-time PCR and traditional culture methods. Fecal samples from 56 of 200 (28%) calves tested positive for C. difficile toxin genes at least once over the course of the study. Calf age (p=0.011) influenced prevalence of C. difficile toxin genes in calf feces. Toxin genes of C. difficile were detected in one carcass swab by multiplex real-time PCR only. Toxigenic C. difficile was detected by PCR and culture in four (8%) and three (6%) ground veal samples, respectively. The findings of the study reveal that toxigenic C. difficile was most prevalent in veal calves (12%) just before slaughter, although viable toxigenic C. difficile was not recovered from veal carcasses. On the contrary, viable toxigenic C. difficle was recovered from 6% retail meat, thus suggesting that contamination occurs either during or after veal fabrication.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	15353141
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	9
e-ISSN	15567125
Journal	Foodborne Pathogens and Disease
Language	English
Publisher	Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Publisher Date	2012-01-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Discipline Microbiology Discipline Parasitology Discipline Nutritional Sciences Bacterial Toxins Genetics Cattle Diseases Microbiology Clostridium Difficile Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous Veterinary Enterotoxins Meat Abattoirs Animals Bacterial Proteins Cattle Epidemiology Isolation & Purification Feces Food Handling Incidence Prevalence Journal Article
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Animal Science and Zoology Microbiology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Food Science

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