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Relative densities of natural enemy and pest insects within California hedgerows.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Gareau, Tara L. Pisani Letourneau, Deborah K. Shennan, Carol
Spatial Coverage	California
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Gareau TL ( Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA. tara.pisanigareau@bc.edu)
Abstract	Research on hedgerow design for supporting communities of natural enemies for biological control lags behind farmer innovation in California, where assemblages of perennial plant species have been used on crop field margins in the last decade. We compared natural enemy to pest ratios between fields with hedgerows and fields with weedy margins by sampling beneficial insects and key pests of vegetables on sticky cards. We used biweekly vacuum samples to measure the distribution of key insect taxa among native perennial plant species with respect to the timing and intensity of bloom. Sticky cards indicated a trend that field margins with hedgerows support a higher ratio of natural enemies to pests compared with weedy borders. Hedgerow plant species hosted different relative densities of a generally overlapping insect community, and the timing and intensity of bloom only explained a small proportion of the variation in insect abundance at plant species and among hedgerows, with the exception of Orius spp. on Achillea millefolium L. and Baccharis pilularis De Candolle. Indicator Species Analysis showed an affinity of parasitic wasps, especially in the super-family Chalcidoidea, for B. pilularis whether or not it was in flower. A. millefolium was attractive to predatory and herbivorous homopterans; Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindley) Roemer and B. pilularis to Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata Mannerheim; and Rhamnus californica Eschsch to Hemerobiidae. Perennial hedgerows can be designed through species selection to support particular beneficial insect taxa, but plant resources beyond floral availability may be critical in providing structural refuges, alternative prey, and other attractive qualities that are often overlooked.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	0046225X
e-ISSN	19382936
Journal	Environmental Entomology
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	42
Language	English
Publisher	Oxford University Press
Publisher Date	2013-08-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Zoology Agriculture Ecosystem Insects Physiology Angiosperms Growth & Development Animals Food Chain Insect Control Classification Parasitology Seasons Comparative Study Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Research Support, U.s. Gov't, Non-p.h.s.
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Insect Science

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Relative densities of natural enemy and pest insects within California hedgerows.

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Relative densities of natural enemy and pest insects within California hedgerows.