NDLI: Benign breast and gynecologic conditions, reproductive and hormonal factors, and risk of thyroid cancer.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Braganza, Melissa Z. de González, Amy Berrington Schonfeld, Sara J. Wentzensen, Nicolas Brenner, Alina V. Kitahara, Cari M.
Description	Author Affiliation: Braganza MZ ( National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892. melissa.braganza@nih.gov.)
Abstract	The higher incidence of thyroid cancer in women compared with men suggests an influence of sex steroid hormones in the etiology of this malignancy. We investigated a comprehensive set of potential indicators of lifetime sex steroid hormone exposure in relation to thyroid cancer risk. Using data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, which enrolled 70,047 women, 50 to 78 years old, we prospectively examined associations of self-reported history of benign breast and gynecologic conditions, reproductive factors, and exogenous sex hormone use with thyroid cancer risk. Multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated in models using age as the time metric. During follow-up (median, 11 years), 127 women were diagnosed with first primary thyroid cancer. Older age at natural menopause (≥55 vs. <50 years; HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.20-4.18), greater estimated lifetime number of ovulatory cycles (≥490 vs. <415 cycles; HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.33-4.30), greater number of live births (≥5 vs. 1-2; HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.05-2.82), and history of uterine fibroids (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.18-2.50) were associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Earlier age at menarche, greater number of reproductive years, history of a tubal ligation, and history of ovarian cysts were nonsignificantly associated with increased thyroid cancer risk. No associations were observed for oral contraceptive use, menopausal hormone therapy, or history of benign breast disease or endometriosis. In general, we found that factors reflecting a greater length of exposure to endogenous hormones, particularly during the reproductive years, were associated with risk of postmenopausal thyroid cancer.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	19406207
e-ISSN	19406215
DOI	10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-13-0367
Journal	Cancer Prevention Research
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	7
Language	English
Publisher	American Association for Cancer Research
Publisher Date	2014-04-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Oncology Breast Neoplasms Complications Carcinoma, Papillary Etiology Estrogen Replacement Therapy Genital Diseases, Female Reproductive History Thyroid Neoplasms Drug Therapy Pathology Menopause Neoplasm Staging Prognosis Prospective Studies Risk Factors Research Support, N.i.h., Intramural
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cancer Research Oncology

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