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Reproductive and hormonal factors and lung cancer risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Brinton, Louise A. Gierach, Gretchen L. Andaya, Abegail Park, Yikyung Schatzkin, Arthur Hollenbeck, Albert R. Spitz, Margaret R.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Brinton LA ( Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. brinton@nih.gov)
Abstract	BACKGROUND: Lung cancer exhibits unique patterns among women including high adenocarcinoma rates among nonsmokers. Inconsistent findings about hormonal factors on risk may reflect incomplete control for confounding, misclassification of exposures, or insufficient attention to variation by histology. METHODS: Among 185,017 women, ages 50 to 71 years, recruited during 1995 and 1996 for the NIH-AARP (American Association of Retired Persons) Diet and Health Study, we identified 3,512 incident lung cancers (including 276 in never smokers) in follow-up through December 2006. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated relative risks (RR) and 95% CIs for self-reported hormonally related risk factors. RESULTS: After adjustment for smoking and other confounders, subjects with late menarche were at reduced risk, with the association specific for adenocarcinomas (RR = 0.72 for menarche 15+ vs. <11, P(trend) < 0.01). Subjects with early ages at ovarian cessation (either from natural menopause or bilateral oophorectomy) were at an increased risk for adenocarcinomas and squamous cell tumors, but the associations were strongest for smokers, suggesting either residual confounding or an enhanced effect of menopausally related factors among subjects with decreased endogenous estrogens. In contrast, we saw no relationships of risk with either parity, age at first birth, or exogenous hormone use. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of hormones may adversely affect lung function early in life while assisting with cellular and immunologic responses later in life. Additional attention toward the role of hormonal factors may further our understanding of lung carcinogenesis. IMPACT: Our findings provide some support for a role of hormonal factors in the etiology of lung cancer, although the mechanisms appear complicated.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	10559965
e-ISSN	15387755
DOI	10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-1325
Journal	Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	20
Language	English
Publisher	American Association for Cancer Research
Publisher Date	2011-05-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Cancer epidemiology Diet Hormone Replacement Therapy Lung Neoplasms Etiology Prevention & Control Reproductive History Cohort Studies Epidemiology Prognosis Prospective Studies Risk Factors Questionnaires Research Support, N.i.h., Intramural
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Epidemiology Oncology

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