NDLI: Phenology and population dynamics of sand flies in a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Azarbaijan Province, North western of Iran.

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Phenology and population dynamics of sand flies in a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Azarbaijan Province, North western of Iran.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Hazratian, Teimour Rassi, Yavar Oshaghi, Mohammad Ali Yaghoobi-Ershadi, Mohammad Reza Fallah, Esmael Shirzadi, Mohammad Reza Rafizadeh, Sina
Spatial Coverage	Iran
Description	Country affiliation: Iran Author Affiliation: Hazratian T ( Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.)
Abstract	OBJECTIVE: To investigate species composition, density, accumulated degree-day and diversity of sand flies during April to October 2010 in Azarshahr district, a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis in north western Iran. METHODS: Sand flies were collected using sticky traps biweekly and were stored in 96% ethanol. All specimens were mounted in Puri's medium for species identification using valid keys of sandflies. The density was calculated by the formula: number of specimens/m(2) of sticky traps and number of specimens/number of traps. Degree-day was calculated as follows: (Maximum temperature + Minimum temperature)/2-Minimum threshold. Diversity indices of the collected sand flies within different villages were estimated by the Shannon-weaver formula ( H'=∑i=1sPilog(e)Pi). RESULTS: Totally 5 557 specimens comprising 16 Species (14 Phlebotomus, and 2 Sergentomyia) were indentified. The activity of the species extended from April to October. Common sand-flies in resting places were Phlebotomus papatasi, Phlebotomus sergenti and Phlebotomus mongolensis. The monthly average density was 37.6, 41.1, 40.23, 30.38 and 30.67 for Almalodash, Jaragil, Segaiesh, Amirdizaj and Germezgol villages, respectively. Accumulated degree-day from early January to late May was approximately 289 degree days. The minimum threshold temperature for calculating of accumulated degree-day was 17.32°. According on the Shannon-weaver (H'), diversity of sand flies within area study were estimated as 0.917, 1.867, 1.339, 1.673, and 1.562 in Almalodash, Jaragil, Segaiesh, Amirdizaj and Germezgol villages, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first detailed research in terms of species composition, density, accumulated degree-day and diversity of sand flies in an endemic focus of visceral leishamaniasis in Azarshahr district. The population dynamics of sand flies in Azarshahr district were greatly affected by climatic factors. According to this study the highest activity of the collected sand fly species occurs at the teritary week of August. It could help health authorities to predicate period of maximum risk of visceral leishamaniasis transmission and implement control program.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	19957645
e-ISSN	23524146
Journal	Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine
Issue Number	8
Volume Number	4
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2011-08-01
Publisher Place	China
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Tropical Medicine Insect Vectors Leishmaniasis, Visceral Transmission Population Dynamics Psychodidae Animals Biodiversity Anatomy & Histology Classification Leishmania Donovani Physiology Epidemiology Parasitology Seasons Temperature Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine

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