NDLI: Recent and emerging therapeutic medications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: incretin-based, Pramlintide, Colesevelam, SGLT2 Inhibitors, Tagatose, Succinobucol.

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Recent and emerging therapeutic medications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: incretin-based, Pramlintide, Colesevelam, SGLT2 Inhibitors, Tagatose, Succinobucol.

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Recent and emerging therapeutic medications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: incretin-based, Pramlintide, Colesevelam, SGLT2 Inhibitors, Tagatose, Succinobucol.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Lo, Margaret C. Lansang, M. Cecilia
Description	Author Affiliation: Lo MC ( 1Division of Internal Medicine, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL)
Abstract	Nearly 285 million people worldwide, with 10% being Americans, suffer from diabetes mellitus and its associated comorbidities. This is projected to increase by 6.5% per year, with 439 million inflicted by year 2030. Both morbidity and mortality from diabetes stem from the consequences of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Of the 285 million with diabetes, over a quarter of a million die per year from related complications, making diabetes the fifth leading cause of death in high-income countries. These startling statistics illustrate the therapeutic failure of current diabetes drugs to retard the progression of diabetes. These statistics further illustrate the continual need for further research and development of alternative drugs with novel mechanisms to slow disease progression and disease complications. The treatment algorithm updated in 2008 by American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes currently recommends the traditional medications of metformin, either as monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylurea or insulin, as the preferred choice in the tier 1 option. The algorithm only suggests addition of alternative medications such as pioglitazone and incretin-based drugs as second-line agents in the tier 2 'less well-validated' option. However, these traditional medications have not proven to delay the progressive course of diabetes as evidence of increasing need over time for multiple drug therapy to maintain sufficient glycemic control. Because current diabetes medications have limited efficacy and untoward side effects, the development of diabetes mellitus drugs with newer mechanisms of action continues. This article will review the clinical data on the newly available incretin-based drugs on the market, including glucagon-like peptide agonists and of dipeptidyl peptidase type-4 inhibitors. It will also discuss 2 unique medications: pramlintide, which is indicated for both type and type-2 diabetes, and colesevelam, which is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for both type-2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. It will further review the clinical data on the novel emerging agents of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, tagatose, and succinobucol, all currently in phase III clinical trials. This review article can serve as an aid for clinicians to identify clinical indications in which these new agents can be applied in the treatment algorithm.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	10752765
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	20
e-ISSN	15363686
Journal	American Journal of Therapeutics
Language	English
Publisher	Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publisher Date	2013-11-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Pharmacology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Drug Therapy Drug Design Hypoglycemic Agents Therapeutic Use Algorithms Allylamine Analogs & Derivatives Pharmacology Animals Colesevelam Hydrochloride Physiopathology Hexoses Humans Adverse Effects Incretins Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Probucol Sodium-glucose Transporter 2 Antagonists & Inhibitors Journal Article Review
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pharmacology Pharmacology (medical)

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Pramlintide and the treatment of diabetes: a review of the data since its introduction.

The role of pramlintide for weight loss.

Colesevelam hydrochloride for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Efficacy and harms of the hypoglycemic agent pramlintide in diabetes mellitus.

New treatments for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

SGLT2 inhibitors: a promising new therapeutic option for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The role of colesevelam hydrochloride in hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Clinical efficacy of colesevelam in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: New therapeutic mechanisms.

Recent and emerging therapeutic medications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: incretin-based, Pramlintide, Colesevelam, SGLT2 Inhibitors, Tagatose, Succinobucol.

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