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L-cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	McGavigan, A. K. O'Hara, H. C. Amin, A. Kinsey-Jones, J. Spreckley, E. Alamshah, A. Agahi, A. Banks, K. France, R. Hyberg, G. Wong, C. Bewick, G. A. Gardiner, J. V. Lehmann, A. Martin, N. M. Ghatei, M. A. Bloom, S. R. Murphy, K. G.
Description	Country affiliation: United kingdom Author Affiliation: McGavigan AK ( Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.); O'Hara HC ( Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.); Amin A ( Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.); Kinsey-Jones J ( Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.); Spreckley E ( Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.); Alamshah A ( Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.); Agahi A ( Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.); Banks K ( Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.); France R ( Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.); Hyberg G ( AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden.); Wong C ( Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.); Bewick GA ( 1] Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK [2] Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.); Gardiner JV ( Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.); Lehmann A ( 1] AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden [2] NextRx, Gothenburg, Sweden.); Martin NM ( Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.); Ghatei MA ( Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.); Bloom SR ( Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.); Murphy KG ( Department of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.)
Abstract	BACKGROUND: High-protein diets promote weight loss and subsequent weight maintenance, but are difficult to adhere to. The mechanisms by which protein exerts these effects remain unclear. However, the amino acids produced by protein digestion may have a role in driving protein-induced satiety. METHODS: We tested the effects of a range of amino acids on food intake in rodents and identified l-cysteine as the most anorexigenic. Using rodents we further studied the effect of l-cysteine on food intake, behaviour and energy expenditure. We proceeded to investigate its effect on neuronal activation in the hypothalamus and brainstem before investigating its effect on gastric emptying and gut hormone release. The effect of l-cysteine on appetite scores and gut hormone release was then investigated in humans. RESULTS: l-Cysteine dose-dependently decreased food intake in both rats and mice following oral gavage and intraperitoneal administration. This effect did not appear to be secondary to behavioural or aversive side effects. l-Cysteine increased neuronal activation in the area postrema and delayed gastric emptying. It suppressed plasma acyl ghrelin levels and did not reduce food intake in transgenic ghrelin-overexpressing mice. Repeated l-cysteine administration decreased food intake in rats and obese mice. l-Cysteine reduced hunger and plasma acyl ghrelin levels in humans. CONCLUSIONS: Further work is required to determine the chronic effect of l-cysteine in rodents and humans on appetite and body weight, and whether l-cysteine contributes towards protein-induced satiety.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	03070565
e-ISSN	14765497
DOI	10.1038/ijo.2014.172
Journal	International Journal of Obesity
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	39
Language	English
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Publisher Date	2015-03-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Metabolism Appetite Depressants Pharmacology Appetite Drug Effects Cysteine Ghrelin Antagonists & Inhibitors Animals Administration & Dosage Dose-response Relationship, Drug Gastrointestinal Hormones Metabolism Hypothalamus Mice Mice, Inbred C57bl Rna, Messenger Rats, Wistar Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone Receptors, Neuropeptide Satiation Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nutrition and Dietetics Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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L-cysteine suppresses ghrelin and reduces appetite in rodents and humans.