NDLI: Haemophilusinfluenzae type b conjugate vaccine for preventing pneumonia in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis: a case-control study.

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Haemophilusinfluenzae type b conjugate vaccine for preventing pneumonia in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis: a case-control study.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Salas, Ariel A. Salazar, H. Jorge Velasco, Victor H.
Spatial Coverage	Bolivia
Description	Country affiliation: Bolivia Author Affiliation: Salas AA ( Division of General Pediatrics, Clinica Caja Petrolera de Salud, 2525 Arce Ave., PO Box 3943, San Jorge, La Paz, Bolivia. ariel.a.salas@gmail.com)
Abstract	BACKGROUND: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine reduces the risk of pneumonia in infants. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of Hib conjugate vaccine (HibCV) on the prevention of pneumonia as a complication among infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis. METHODS: This record-based case-control study was conducted at The Children's Hospital 'Dr. Ovidio Aliaga U' in La Paz, Bolivia during 2003 and 2004. Cases were infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis under 1 year of age who developed radiological pneumonia during hospitalization. Controls were patients who had good clinical progress without the use of antibiotics. Pneumonia was defined by alveolar consolidation on chest X-ray that justified the use of antibiotics. RESULTS: Eighty patients were studied (16 cases and 64 controls). Their median age was 4.5 months. Demographic and clinical features were similar in both groups, except for a higher proportion of vomiting (56.3% vs. 28.1%; p<0.05) in the case group. The percentage of unvaccinated infants was significantly higher in cases (68.8% vs. 26.6%; p<0.05) and the length of hospital stay longer (8.5+/-5.4 vs. 3.1+/-2.2 days; p<0.05). There was a strong association between unvaccinated infants and the occurrence of pneumonia as a complication (odds ratio 6.1, 95% confidence interval 1.8-20.1; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Unvaccinated infants admitted for bronchiolitis have a higher risk of radiologically confirmed pneumonia. Larger studies are needed to validate these results and reconsider the burden of Hib infection among infants in less developed countries.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	12019712
e-ISSN	18783511
Journal	International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	14
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2010-01-01
Publisher Place	Canada
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Communicable Diseases Bacterial Capsules Administration & Dosage Bronchiolitis Complications Haemophilus Infections Prevention & Control Haemophilus Vaccines Pneumonia, Bacterial Vaccination Bolivia Epidemiology Case-control Studies Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis Vaccine Hepatitis B Vaccines Hospitalization Infant Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated Retrospective Studies Vaccines, Combined Vaccines, Conjugate
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Infectious Diseases Microbiology (medical)

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