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Year: 2014 Volume: 10

Fatty acid biosynthesis revisited: structure elucidation and metabolic engineering.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Beld, Joris Lee, D. John Burkart, Michael D.
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Beld J ( Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA. mburkart@ucsd.edu.)
Abstract	Fatty acids are primary metabolites synthesized by complex, elegant, and essential biosynthetic machinery. Fatty acid synthases resemble an iterative assembly line, with an acyl carrier protein conveying the growing fatty acid to necessary enzymatic domains for modification. Each catalytic domain is a unique enzyme spanning a wide range of folds and structures. Although they harbor the same enzymatic activities, two different types of fatty acid synthase architectures are observed in nature. During recent years, strained petroleum supplies have driven interest in engineering organisms to either produce more fatty acids or specific high value products. Such efforts require a fundamental understanding of the enzymatic activities and regulation of fatty acid synthases. Despite more than one hundred years of research, we continue to learn new lessons about fatty acid synthases' many intricate structural and regulatory elements. In this review, we summarize each enzymatic domain and discuss efforts to engineer fatty acid synthases, providing some clues to important challenges and opportunities in the field.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	1742206X
e-ISSN	17422051
DOI	10.1039/c4mb00443d
Journal	Molecular BioSystems
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	11
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Publisher Date	2015-01-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Molecular Biology Discipline Biochemistry Biosynthetic Pathways Fatty Acids Metabolism Metabolic Engineering Acyl Carrier Protein Chemistry Acyl-carrier Protein S-malonyltransferase Acyltransferases Enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) Reductase (nadh) Fatty Acid Synthases Biosynthesis Hydro-lyases Thiolester Hydrolases Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Research Support, U.s. Gov't, Non-p.h.s.
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Molecular Biology Biotechnology

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