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Attentional costs of visually guided walking: effects of age, executive function and stepping-task demands.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Mazaheri, Masood Roerdink, Melvyn Bood, Robert Jan Duysens, Jacques Beek, Peter J. Peper, C. Lieke E.
Description	Author Affiliation: Mazaheri M ( MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.mazaheri@vu.nl.); Roerdink M ( MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.); Bood RJ ( MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.); Duysens J ( Department of Kinesiology, KU-Leuven, Belgium.); Beek PJ ( MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands); Peper CL ( MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.)
Abstract	During walking, attention needs to be flexibly allocated to deal with varying environmental constraints. This ability may be affected by aging and lower overall executive function. The present study examined the influence of aging and executive function on the attentional costs of visually guided walking under different task demands. Three groups, young adults (n=15) and elderly adults with higher (n=16) and lower (n=10) executive function, walked on a treadmill in three conditions: uncued walking and walking with regular and irregular patterns of visual stepping targets projected onto the belt. Attentional costs were assessed using a secondary probe reaction time task and corrected by subtracting baseline single-task reaction time, yielding an estimate of the additional attentional costs of each walking condition. We found that uncued walking was more attentionally demanding for elderly than for young participants. In young participants, the attentional costs increased significantly from uncued to regularly cued to irregularly cued walking, whereas for the higher executive function group, attentional costs only increased significantly from regularly cued to irregularly cued walking. For the group with lower executive function, no significant differences were observed. The observed decreased flexibility of elderly, especially those with lower executive function, to allocate additional attentional resources to more challenging walking conditions may be attributed to the already increased attentional costs of uncued walking, presumably required for visuomotor and/or balance control of walking.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	09666362
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	40
e-ISSN	18792219
Journal	Gait & Posture
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2014-01-01
Publisher Place	Great Britain (UK)
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Psychomotor Performance Cues Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Discipline Orthopedics Humans Attention Task Performance And Analysis Male Reaction Time Journal Article Young Adult Walking Exercise Test Controlled Clinical Trial Aging Adult Female Physiology Aged Executive Function Postural Balance
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Rehabilitation Biophysics Sports Science

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Age-related differences in cognitive and postural dual-task performance.

Gait attentional load at different walking speeds.

Use of mobility aids reduces attentional demand in challenging walking conditions.

Attentional costs of visually guided walking: effects of age, executive function and stepping-task demands.

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