NDLI: Estimating ecotoxicological effects of pesticide drift on nontarget arthropods in field hedgerows.

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Estimating ecotoxicological effects of pesticide drift on nontarget arthropods in field hedgerows.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Otto, Stefan Lazzaro, Luca Finizio, Antonio Zanin, Giuseppe
Description	Country affiliation: Italy Author Affiliation: Otto S ( Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology--CNR, Legnaro, Italy. stefan.otto@ibaf.cnr.it)
Abstract	When hedgerows grow in orchards where pesticides are applied, they can play a double role: Providing a barrier for chemical spray drift and as a refuge for beneficial arthropods such as pollinators and predators. Effectiveness of hedgerows as barriers to drift depends mainly on canopy density (that can be estimated through optical porosity) and wind speed. When optical porosity is low, the hedgerow can intercept a significant amount of spray drift and act as an effective barrier, but the intercepted pesticide can negatively affect the beneficial arthropods living there. A drift model was used to simulate drift in a hedgerow- vineyard system, and a deposition distribution model was used to calculate the pesticide spatial pattern distribution on a hedgerow with different optical porosity and wind speed conditions. The possible ecotoxicological effects were estimated for 28 active ingredients with different median lethal rates for two nontarget arthropods, Aphidius rhopalosiphi and Typhlodromus pyri. A spatialized risk assessment for a hedgerow is suggested to improve procedures based on application rate, standard drift, and vegetation distribution values, as in the hazard quotient approach. An alternative method for calculation of the exposure is also proposed, with a step-by-step example of a toxicity/exposure ratio calculation. The results highlighted the importance of the spatial pattern of drift and proved that a hedgerow can be an effective barrier against spray drift. Analysis of the toxicity/exposure ratio values showed that a hedgerow can continue its shelter and feeding function for nontarget arthropods when low-toxicity pesticides are used, there is no significant wind interference, or both.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	07307268
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	28
e-ISSN	15528618
Journal	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2009-04-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Trees Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Ecotoxicology Risk Assessment Sensitivity And Specificity Toxicity Discipline Environmental Health Pesticides Mites Discipline Toxicology Lethal Dose 50 Drug Effects Journal Article Animals Models, Biological Ecosystem Discipline Chemistry Aphids
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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