NDLI: Relationship of land use and elevated ionic strength in Appalachian watersheds.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Cormier, Susan M. Wilkes, Samuel P. Zheng, Lei
Spatial Coverage	West Virginia Appalachian Region
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Cormier SM ( National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Cormier.Susan@epa.gov)
Abstract	Coal mining activities have been implicated as sources that increase stream specific conductance in Central Appalachia. The present study characterized potential sources of elevated ionic strength for small subwatersheds within the Coal, Upper Kanawha, Gauley, and New Rivers in West Virginia. From a large monitoring data set developed by the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, 162 < 20-km(2)-watersheds were identified that had detailed land cover information in southwestern West Virginia with at least one water chemistry sample. Scatter plots of specific conductance were generated for nine land cover classifications: open water, agriculture, forest, residential, barren, total mining, valley fill, abandoned mine lands, and mining excluding valley fill and abandoned mine lands. Conductivity was negatively correlated with the percentage of forest area and positively associated with other land uses. In a multiple regression, the percentage of area in valley fill was the strongest contributor to increased ionic strength, followed by percentage of area in urban (residential/buildings) land use and other mining land use. Based on the 10th quantile regression, 300 µS/cm was exceeded at 3.3% of area in valley fill. In most catchments, HCO 3(-) and SO 4(2-) concentrations were greater than Cl(-) concentration. These findings confirm coal mining activities as the primary source of high conductivity waters. Such activities might be redressed with the goal of protecting sources of dilute freshwater in the region.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	07307268
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	32
e-ISSN	15528618
Journal	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2013-02-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Trees Research Support, U.s. Gov't, Non-p.h.s. Environmental Monitoring Discipline Environmental Health Discipline Toxicology Rivers Journal Article Water Pollution Mining West Virginia Chemistry Osmolar Concentration Analysis Discipline Chemistry Environment Statistics & Numerical Data Agriculture Fresh Water Water Pollutants Appalachian Region Conservation Of Natural Resources
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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