NDLI: A method for assessing the potential for confounding applied to ionic strength in central Appalachian streams.

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A method for assessing the potential for confounding applied to ionic strength in central Appalachian streams.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Suter, Glenn W. Cormier, Susan M.
Spatial Coverage	Appalachian Region
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Suter GW ( National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. suter.glenn@epamail.epa.gov)
Abstract	Causal relationships derived from field data are potentially confounded by variables that are correlated with both the cause and its effect. The present study presents a method for assessing the potential for confounding and applies it to the relationship between ionic strength and impairment of benthic invertebrate assemblages in central Appalachian streams. The method weighs all available evidence for and against confounding by each potential confounder. It identifies 10 types of evidence for confounding, presents a qualitative scoring system, and provides rules for applying the scores. Twelve potential confounders were evaluated: habitat, organic enrichment, nutrients, deposited sediments, pH, selenium, temperature, lack of headwaters, catchment area, settling ponds, dissolved oxygen, and metals. One potential confounder, low pH, was found to be biologically significant and eliminated by removing sites with pH < 6. Other potential confounders were eliminated based on the weight of evidence. This method was found to be useful and defensible. It could be applied to other environmental assessments that use field data to develop causal relationships, including contaminated site remediation or management of natural resources.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	07307268
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	32
e-ISSN	15528618
Journal	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2013-02-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Water Pollutants, Chemical Research Support, U.s. Gov't, Non-p.h.s. Discipline Environmental Health Metals Discipline Toxicology Rivers Environmental Restoration And Remediation Journal Article Chemistry Animals Osmolar Concentration Analysis Ecosystem Classification Discipline Chemistry Physiology Invertebrates Appalachian Region Methods Conservation Of Natural Resources
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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