NDLI: Environmental fate of emamectin benzoate after tree micro injection of horse chestnut trees.

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Environmental fate of emamectin benzoate after tree micro injection of horse chestnut trees.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Burkhard, Rene Binz, Heinz Roux, Christian A. Brunner, Matthias Ruesch, Othmar Wyss, Peter
Description	Country affiliation: Switzerland Author Affiliation: Burkhard R ( Syngenta Crop Protection Muenchwilen AG, Muenchwilen, Switzerland.)
Abstract	Emamectin benzoate, an insecticide derived from the avermectin family of natural products, has a unique translocation behavior in trees when applied by tree micro injection (TMI), which can result in protection from insect pests (foliar and borers) for several years. Active ingredient imported into leaves was measured at the end of season in the fallen leaves of treated horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) trees. The dissipation of emamectin benzoate in these leaves seems to be biphasic and depends on the decomposition of the leaf. In compost piles, where decomposition of leaves was fastest, a cumulative emamectin benzoate degradation half-life time of 20 d was measured. In leaves immersed in water, where decomposition was much slower, the degradation half-life time was 94 d, and in leaves left on the ground in contact with soil, where decomposition was slowest, the degradation half-life time was 212 d. The biphasic decline and the correlation with leaf decomposition might be attributed to an extensive sorption of emamectin benzoate residues to leaf macromolecules. This may also explain why earthworms ingesting leaves from injected trees take up very little emamectin benzoate and excrete it with the feces. Furthermore, no emamectin benzoate was found in water containing decomposing leaves from injected trees. It is concluded, that emamectin benzoate present in abscised leaves from horse chestnut trees injected with the insecticide is not available to nontarget organisms present in soil or water bodies.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	07307268
e-ISSN	15528618
DOI	10.1002/etc.2795
Journal	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	34
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2015-02-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Aesculus Environmental Monitoring Temperature Environmental Pollutants Microinjections Discipline Environmental Health Discipline Toxicology Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Metabolism Oligochaeta Chemistry Animals Discipline Chemistry Feces Analogs & Derivatives Ivermectin
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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