NDLI: Acute toxicity of arsenic and oxidative stress responses in the embryonic development of the common South American toad Rhinella arenarum.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Mardirosian, Mariana Noelia Lascano, Cecilia Inés Ferrari, Ana Bongiovanni, Guillermina Azucena Venturino, Andrés
Spatial Coverage	Argentina
Description	Country affiliation: Argentina Author Affiliation: Mardirosian MN ( Laboratory of Biochemical, Chemical and Environmental Research, Faculty of Engineering, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research-National University of Comahue, Neuquén, Neuquén, Argentina)
Abstract	Arsenic (As), a natural element of ecological relevance, is found in natural water sources throughout Argentina in concentrations between 0.01 mg/L and 15 mg/L. The autochthonous toad Rhinella arenarum was selected to study the acute toxicity of As and the biochemical responses elicited by the exposure to As in water during its embryonic development. The median lethal concentration (LC50) value averaged 24.3 mg/L As and remained constant along the embryonic development. However, As toxicity drastically decreased when embryos were exposed from heartbeat-stage on day 4 of development, suggesting the onset of detoxification mechanisms. Given the environmental concentrations of As in Argentina, there is a probability of exceeding lethal levels at 1% of sites. Arsenic at sublethal concentrations caused a significant decrease in the total antioxidant potential but generated an increase in endogenous glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. This protective response might prevent a deeper decline in the antioxidant system and further oxidative damage. Alternatively, it might be linked to As conjugation with GSH for its excretion. The authors conclude that toad embryos are more sensitive to As during early developmental stages and that relatively high concentrations of this toxic element are required to elicit mortality, but oxidative stress may be an adverse effect at sublethal concentrations.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	07307268
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	34
e-ISSN	15528618
Journal	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2015-05-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Research Support, Non-u.s. Gov't Bufo Arenarum Argentina Arsenic Oxidative Stress Risk Assessment Toxicity Discipline Environmental Health Discipline Toxicology Embryonic Development Metabolism Drug Effects Journal Article Arsenites Antioxidants Sodium Compounds Animals Analysis Embryo, Nonmammalian Discipline Chemistry Glutathione Transferase Glutathione
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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