NDLI: The acute toxicity of major ion salts to Ceriodaphnia dubia: I. influence of background water chemistry.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Mount, David R. Erickson, Russell J. Highland, Terry L. Hockett, J. Russell Hoff, Dale J. Jenson, Correne T. Norberg-King, Teresa J. Peterson, Kira N. Polaske, Zachary M. Wisniewski, Stephanie
Description	Author Affiliation: Mount DR ( US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota.); Erickson RJ ( US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota.); Highland TL ( US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota.); Hockett JR ( US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota.); Hoff DJ ( US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota.); Jenson CT ( US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota.); Norberg-King TJ ( US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota.); Peterson KN ( US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota.); Polaske ZM ( EMR, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.); Wisniewski S ( EMR, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.)
Abstract	The ions Na , K , Ca , Mg , Cl , SO , and HCO /CO (referred to in the present study as 'major ions') are present in all freshwaters and physiologically required by aquatic organisms but can increase to harmful levels from a variety of anthropogenic activities. It is also known that the toxicities of major ion salts can vary depending on the concentrations of other ions, and understanding these relationships is key to establishing appropriate environmental limits. The authors present a series of experiments with Ceriodaphnia dubia to evaluate the acute toxicity of 12 major ion salts and to determine how toxicity of these salts varies as a function of background water chemistry. All salts except CaSO and CaCO were acutely toxic below saturation, with the lowest median lethal concentrations found for K salts. All 10 salts that showed toxicity also showed some degree of reduced toxicity as the ionic content of the background water increased. Experiments that independently varied Ca:Mg ratio, Na:K ratio, Cl:SO ratio, and alkalinity/pH demonstrated that Ca concentration was the primary factor influencing the toxicities of Na and Mg salts, whereas the toxicities of K salts were primarily influenced by the concentration of Na. These experiments also indicated multiple mechanisms of toxicity and suggested important aspects of dosimetry; the toxicities of K, Mg, and Ca salts were best related to the chemical activity of the cation, whereas the toxicities of Na salts also reflected an influence of the anions and were well correlated with osmolarity. Understanding these relationships between major ion toxicity and background water chemistry should aid in the development of sensible risk-assessments and regulatory standards. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:3039-3057. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	07307268
Issue Number	12
Journal	Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Volume Number	35
e-ISSN	15528618
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publisher Date	2016-12-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Discipline Environmental Health Discipline Toxicology Discipline Chemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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