NDLI: The circadian clock controls sunburn apoptosis and erythema in mouse skin.

Content Provider	World Health Organization (WHO)-Global Index Medicus
Author	Gaddameedhi, Shobhan Selby, Christopher P. Kemp, Michael G. Ye, Rui Sancar, Aziz
Description	Country affiliation: United States Author Affiliation: Gaddameedhi S ( 1] Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA [2] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.); Selby CP ( Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.); Kemp MG ( Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.); Ye R ( Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.); Sancar A ( 1] Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA [2] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.)
Abstract	Epidemiological studies of humans and experimental studies with mouse models suggest that sunburn resulting from exposure to excessive UV light and damage to DNA confers an increased risk for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Previous reports have shown that both nucleotide excision repair, which is the sole pathway in humans for removing UV photoproducts, and DNA replication are regulated by the circadian clock in mouse skin. Furthermore, the timing of UV exposure during the circadian cycle has been shown to affect skin carcinogenesis in mice. Because sunburn and skin cancer are causally related, we investigated UV-induced sunburn apoptosis and erythema in mouse skin as a function of circadian time. Interestingly, we observed that sunburn apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine induction, and erythema were maximal following an acute early-morning exposure to UV and minimal following an afternoon exposure. Early-morning exposure to UV also produced maximal activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (Atr)-mediated DNA damage checkpoint signaling, including activation of the tumor suppressor p53, which is known to control the process of sunburn apoptosis. These data provide early evidence that the circadian clock has an important role in the erythemal response in UV-irradiated skin. The early morning is when DNA repair is at a minimum, and thus the acute responses likely are associated with unrepaired DNA damage. The prior report that mice are more susceptible to skin cancer induction following chronic irradiation in the AM, when p53 levels are maximally induced, is discussed in terms of the mutational inactivation of p53 during chronic irradiation.
File Format	HTM / HTML
ISSN	0022202X
e-ISSN	15231747
DOI	10.1038/jid.2014.508
Journal	Journal of Investigative Dermatology
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	135
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publisher Date	2015-04-01
Publisher Place	United States
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Discipline Dermatology Apoptosis Circadian Clocks Erythema Etiology Skin Radiation Effects Sunburn Animals Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins Metabolism Cytokines Dna Damage Dna Repair Immunohistochemistry Inflammation Mice Mice, Inbred C57bl Mice, Transgenic Skin Neoplasms Time Factors Ultraviolet Rays Research Support, N.i.h., Extramural
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Biochemistry Molecular Biology Dermatology

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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The Circadian Clock Controls Sunburn Apoptosis and Erythema in Mouse Skin

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